Introduction | 129
ҮШ ТІЛДЕ БІЛІМ БЕРУДІ ҰЙЫМДАСТЫРУ
·
ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ОБУЧЕНИЯ НА ТРЕХ ЯЗЫКАХ
·
TEACHING IN THREE LANGUAGES
The level of English language proficiency in the country has a posi-
tive effect on: GNI per capita, youth employment, Doing Business In-
dex, Human Development Index, budgeting for research, and develop-
ment of technology export [12]
Kazakhstan is 54th in English proficiency index (EPI) [13]
Benefits of multilingual education
Over 150 large research projects over the last 50 years demonstrate
that children learning 2 and more languages in primary school under-
stand language better and have more effective communication skills [13]
• SAT scores in Math are higher with every additional year of learn-
ing a foreign language (1st year – 7 points, 2nd year – 54, 5th – 126) [14]
• Students learning a foreign language 1.5 hours per week during 1st
academic quarter demonstrate better achievements in Math regardless
of the decrease in Math load by 1.5 hours [15]
• Learning a foreign language improves attention and concentration.
In 63% of cases, bilingual children are more efficient at working in loud
and distractive conditions (against 51% for monolingual children) [16]
• Students who studied foreign languages for at least three years at
school are 25% more likely to graduate from the university than those
who did not [17]
• Multilingual learners have higher functional literacy and can apply
their knowledge and skills in new situations [18]
• Multilingual education programs have a positive effect on low-
achieving students’ academic performance [19]
• Knowing several languages delays dementia and Alzheimer’s dis-
ease by over 4 years [20]
• Kazakhstani schoolchildren whose families speak a language dif-
ferent from that in PISA score higher in science. The same trend has
been noted in Macao, Qatar, Malaysia and UAE [21]
• Bilinguals in the U.S. earn $7,000 more per year than their mono-
lingual counterparts [22]
130 | Introduction
ҮШ ТІЛДЕ БІЛІМ БЕРУДІ ҰЙЫМДАСТЫРУ
·
ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ОБУЧЕНИЯ НА ТРЕХ ЯЗЫКАХ
·
TEACHING IN THREE LANGUAGES
Multilingualism in Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan is a multilingual country with state and official lan-
guages enumerated in the Constitution [23]
• Multilingualism in Kazakhstan has cultural, historic, political, eco-
nomic, socio-demographic, and territorial roots [24]
• Over 130 nationalities and ethnicities live in Kazakhstan [25]
• Ethnic and demographic situation in Kazakhstan is constantly
changing
• In 1989, ethnic Kazakhs made 40%, Russians – 38% [26] (image 1)
• From 1989 to 2016 the number of ethnic Kazakhs nearly doubled,
number of Russians decreased twice [27] (image 2)
• Today, the Kazakhs account for is 67% of population, Russians –
21% [28]
• 76% of Kazakhs and 40% of Russians are speak two languages [24]
• Linguistic diversity In Kazakhstan has decreased by 27% in the last
10 years (2005-2016) (Linguistic diversity index was 0.701 and 0.514 re-
spectively) [29; 30]
• In Kazakhstan, the chance of two randomly selected people to have
two different mother tongues is 50% [29]
• Kazakhstan is 94th out of 231 countries in the Linguistic diversity
index (47 used languages) (1st – Papua New Guinea – 840 languages,
231 – North Korea – 1 language) [30] (image 3)
• A cultural project “Trinity of languages” was initiated in 2007 stat-
ing Kazakh as a state language, Russian as a language of interethnic
communication and English as a language of integration into world
economy [31]
• In accordance with the State program of language development
and functioning for 2011-2020, in 2020, 95% of Kazakhstanis should be
proficient in Kazakh, 90% - in Russian, 20% - in English [32]
Introduction | 131
ҮШ ТІЛДЕ БІЛІМ БЕРУДІ ҰЙЫМДАСТЫРУ
·
ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ОБУЧЕНИЯ НА ТРЕХ ЯЗЫКАХ
·
TEACHING IN THREE LANGUAGES
Image 1. Ethnic map of Kazakhstan in 1989
Image 2. Ethnic map of Kazakhstan in 2016
132 | Introduction
ҮШ ТІЛДЕ БІЛІМ БЕРУДІ ҰЙЫМДАСТЫРУ
·
ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ОБУЧЕНИЯ НА ТРЕХ ЯЗЫКАХ
·
TEACHING IN THREE LANGUAGES
Image 3. Map of world language diversity
Multilingual education in Kazakhstan
In 2007, teaching in three languages was piloted in 33 schools [33]
• A full model of multilingual education has been implemented in
Bilim Innovation Lyceums (former Kazakh-Turkish Lyceums) since
1992 and in Nazarbayev Intellectual Schools (NIS) since 2008 [35]
• In 2008, KarSU and KazUIRWL were approved as main institutions
implementing trilingual education [36]
• The Roadmap for trilingual education development for 2015-2020
specifies measures to gradually implement trilingual education at every
level of education [37]
• State program of development of education and science for 2015-
2020 provides implementation of trilingual education in schools in 2019
through pilot schools, NIS and BIL [38]
• Starting 2017-2018, 15 main pre-service teacher training institutions
(in 4 science majors) will transition to teaching in English [39]
(0) min. diversity
100) max. diversity
Достарыңызбен бөлісу: |
