126 | List of abbreviations
ҮШ ТІЛДЕ БІЛІМ БЕРУДІ ҰЙЫМДАСТЫРУ
·
ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ОБУЧЕНИЯ НА ТРЕХ ЯЗЫКАХ
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TEACHING IN THREE LANGUAGES
List of abbreviations
AM
Additional module
BIL
Bilim Innovation Lyceums (former KTL)
CEFR
Common European Framework of Reference for Lan-
guages
CLIL
Content and Language Integrated Learning
CS
Core subjects
EFSET
Education First Standard English Test
ES
Elective subjects
GDP
Gross domestic product
GECS
General education compulsory subject
GNI
Gross national income
GSE
Graduate School of Education
IELTS
International English Language Testing System
KazUIR&WL Ablai Khan Kazakh University of international relations
and world languages
KarSU
E.A.Buketov Karaganda State University
KLI
Kazakh as a language of instruction
L1, L2, L3
First language, Second language, Third language
MC
Mandatory component
NAE
Y. Altynsarin National Academy of Education
NIS
Nazarbayev Intellectual Schools
NU
Nazarbayev University
OECD
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Develop-
ment
PISA
Programme for International Student Assessment
RLI
Russian as a language of instruction
SAT
Scholastic Assessment Test
SCP
Standard course plan
SPESD
State Program of education and science development for
2016-2019
SSE
State Standard of Education
Terminology: teaching in three languages in the context of Kazakhstan | 127
ҮШ ТІЛДЕ БІЛІМ БЕРУДІ ҰЙЫМДАСТЫРУ
·
ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ОБУЧЕНИЯ НА ТРЕХ ЯЗЫКАХ
·
TEACHING IN THREE LANGUAGES
Terminology: teaching in three languages
in the context of Kazakhstan
Multilingualism – proficiency in more than two languages
Bilingual – an individual who speaks two languages
Mother tongue – first language acquired by a child at home from
older family members. The term can have cultural symbolic meaning.
For instance, people can consider their national language to be their
mother tongue even though their proficiency is low.
First language (L1) Kazakh (Russian or another national language).
L1 is selected by a child’s representative as the main language of in-
struction in primary and secondary school
Second language (L2) refers to Russian or Kazakh and is used as an
additional language of instruction
Third language (L3) always refers to English
Multilingual education – (A) official use of more than two languages
in teaching various subjects, (B) use of at least three languages in teach-
ing: mother tongue, regional or national language and an international
language (UNESCO, 1999), (C) teaching and learning process, which ena-
bles individuals to transition from language learners to full members of
society at local, national and global levels (Hornberger, 2009)
Language immersion program – a program to teach a second lan-
guage (not necessarily foreign), where subjects are taught in the second
language. The goal of immersion is to develop students’ language com-
petences or increase the quality of second language proficiency in addi-
tion to the first language
Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) is an approach
to teach content (History, Physics, etc.) in the learner’s second or third
language. CLIL has a double focus: learning subject through language,
and learning language through the subject. CLIL is used in various edu-
cational contexts from kindergarten to the university
128 | Introduction
ҮШ ТІЛДЕ БІЛІМ БЕРУДІ ҰЙЫМДАСТЫРУ
·
ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ОБУЧЕНИЯ НА ТРЕХ ЯЗЫКАХ
·
TEACHING IN THREE LANGUAGES
Introduction
The multilingualism phenomenon worldwide
7,102 languages known worldwide [1]
2/3 of world population speak 8 most spread languages: English
(1.5 bln), Chinese (1.5 bln), Spanish (550 mln), Arabic (420 mln), French
(270 mln), Russian (260 mln), Portuguese (260 mln), and German (200
mln) [1]
70% of the countries (178 out of 252) are multilingual [2]
25% of the countries approved two or more languages at the state
level [2]
Over half of world population (3.5 bln) are bilingual [3]
54% of Europeans speak one foreign language, including 25% -
two, and 10% - three foreign languages [4]
Having one common language between trading countries increases
export of goods, labour and services up to 70% [5]
English is the foundation of multilingualism in the world
English dominates in science and literature
74% of Nobel prize winners are from English-speaking countries
[6]
English is the major language of book publishing worldwide, ac-
counting for – 550 thousand [7] and 28% of the total number [8] annual-
ly
114 mln research papers are published in English, 24% of these are
publicly accessible [9]
55% of all translated books annually are translated from English
and only 6.5% - into English [10]
164 506 books were translated into English between 1979 and 2009,
this amount equals the half of the TOP-50 target languages (UNESCO's
Index Translationum) [10-1]
56% of world Internet content is in English [11]
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