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genre of a system journalistic style is traditionally considered the information (article, report,
report), publicistic (article, review, review) and interspecific form - informational and publicistic
genres (correspondence, interviews, commentary). Periphery icludes genres, arising from the
interaction of newspaper journalism sphere with other spheres of speech practice - business,
scientific, artistic. Closer to the core are artistic-journalistic genres (essay, feuilleton, lampoon,
sketch), scientific-journalistic genres (scientific article), promotional materials, and the others -
genres that are typical of other sphere of communication and not a specific for newspaper,
although placed on the newspaper strip (texts of official documents, popular scientific articles,
fiction and so on).
Thus, despite the ambiguity of the approaches to the typology of texts of newspaper, the
analysis shows that the basis of newspaper genres is something common that distinguish them in a
separate speech style. However, each kind of newspaper style has its own specific features, which
appear as general patterns style and individual features.
REFERENCES
1. И.Р. Гальперин: «Очерки по стилистике английского языка».
2. Газета «Ведомости».
3. Стам И.С.: «Язык газеты. Учебное пособие по английскому языку». Издательство МГУ, 1992.
4. Лысакова И.П. Тип газеты и стиль публикации. Опыт социолингвистического исследования. Л., 1989.
UDC811.111
KRASKOV R., LARIONOVA I.
S. Amanzholov East Kazakhstan State University, Ust-Kamenogorsk.
THE FUNCTIONS OF THE HEADLINE IN ENGLISH NEWSPAPERS
The headline in English newspapers plays a crucial role. Its main task is to attract the attention
of the reader, to interest and even to amaze him, and only in the second turn the headline is assigned
the informational-explanatory function - the message to the reader of the content of this article.
As a result of this focus, the English press has formed a special style of newspaper headline,
the characteristic feature of which is the extreme expressiveness of lexical and grammatical
means.Headlines, as a rule, are written in "telegraphic language", i.e., with the help of maximally
concised, extremely laconic phrases in which all semantically secondary elements are omitted. At
the same time, in order to ensure maximum clarity, headlines are built on the basis of common
vocabulary and simple grammatical means.
The headline in the newspaper is a communicative unit, it briefly informs the reader about the
content of the newspaper material, informs about the implication, nature and importance of the
events reflected on the pages of the newspaper. According to the headline of the article, reportage,
feuilleton, correspondence, it is often possible to judge the author's attitude to the described events,
the position of the editorial office.
Newspaper headings perform several functions:
Firstly, the nominative-informative function, the function of reporting the fact.
Secondly, we can talk about the advertising-expressive function of the headline, closely
related to the nominative-informative function. The main purpose of this function is to interest the
reader, to force him to read the material.
Thirdly, all newspaper headlines have a graphical-excretory function that allows to separate
one text from another, distinguish text from the surrounding context and at the same time "tie" the
strip into a single whole. This function of the title is usually performed graphically - the headlines
of English newspapers are sometimes printed in such a large font that they occupy a significant part
of the strip. [1, p. 205]
Let's consider one more function of newspaper headings - a text-forming function. But first,
it's necessary to define the meaning of "text".
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Text is an ordered set of sentences designed to express some meaning. Theme is the semantic
core of the text, the condensed and generalized content of the text. It informs the reader of the
individual and author's understanding of the relationship between phenomena, their significance in
all spheres of life.
The completeness of the utterance is connected with the semantic entirety of the text. The
indicator of the completeness of the text is the ability to pick up a headline to it, reflecting its content.
The function of headings (as for relatively independent subtexts) is to cover in a concise form
the main content of the subsequent text, in order to direct the reader's attention towards the
forthcoming message. Along with the semantic function, the headline also performs a practical
function, which is intended to constitute a meaning in the reader's mind.
Considering the fact that the headline functions were analyzed using specific examples, they
were also translated into Russian to thereby determine whether the Russian translation covered the
same meanings as the English version.
Newspaper and journalistic texts are very diverse. The most concise, businesslike and dry in
style are reports and articles of an informational nature. Accuracy in the translation of such
messages and articles is often achieved by syntactic rearrangement of sentences, structural
substitutions and the use of lexical correspondences.
Typical for style of the briefings, the inversion is not preserved in the translation, because the
removal of the first main part of the predicate and its separation from the auxiliary verb in the
Russian language desirable: such an emphatic highlighting a few would change the meaning of the
sentence.
Articles, essays and journalism are characterized by one common feature – the presence of
emotional coloring, which is created by different stylistic means and words the emotional value.
Emotional coloring should be preserved in translation. However, because of differences in the
system of Russian and English languages and often have to resort to substitutions. In English the
emotional coloring often is created by definitions and the translation of definitions into Russian
language translator is faced with the question of compatibility, which is often different in English
and Russian languages.
It should be particularly noted that colloquialism and jargon characteristic of the style of some
English newspapers, but not typical for Russian newspapers. In these cases, its necessary to betake
to substitutions, too.
From the foregoing it follows that the precision is the maximum closeness to the
original in the transfer of its content and form, with observance of all norms of the language in
which a text is translated (in this case, Russian language). The task of the interpreter is accurate and
faithful transmission of the content and form of the original means of another language. The
translator must not lose sight of that translates not separate words, but words and combinations of
words in the system a complex whole. He should seek not to transfer an individual item, but to
transfer the semantic and stylistic function performed by this element. It explains the necessity
of omissions and additions, replacement of one word with another, replacement of parts of speech,
etc. [2, p. 68].
Summing up the above, I want to note that in the first place, the headline is attracting
the attention of readers to the newspaper article; this means that it performs advertising-
expressive function. Also in most cases the headline expresses the main idea of the article, thereby
completing the text-forming function; but it also happens that the headline matches with the
first sentence of the article, and then only reported details of the incident. In this situation we are
talking about nominative–informative function of the headline. Often newspapers use different
graphical tools to highlight articles.
REFERENCES:
1. Стилистика газетных жанров/под ред. Д. Розэнталя- М.: Изд. Моск. ун-та., 1981.
2. Левицкая, Т. Р. Проблемы перевода, на материале современного английского языка / Т. Р. Левицкая,
А. М. Фитерман. – М.: Международные отношения, 1976.
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