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UDС 811.111=111
KRIVOSHEEVA O., LARIONOVA I.
East Kazakhstan State University after S. Amanzholov, Ust-Kamenogorsk
OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE TESTING AND TYPES OF TASKS
IN A FOREIGN LANGUAGE CLASS
In a foreign language class the problems of tests is very actual especially now when all
process of teaching is speeding up and more and more people in our society apply this very wide-
spread method of checking knowledge as testing. Tests take the first place among all pupils
evaluating methods. The following advantages of tests as: short-time check, objectivity, easiness for
check, comfortability, validity and concrete purposefulness make it effective and convenient in
teaching foreign language [1, с.67].
All control exercises as suppose methodologists are subdivided into 2 groups: objective and
subjective[2,с.65].
Subjective tests (composition, narration, translation exercises, etc.) in evaluating the results
require subjective position of teacher. This kind of tests checks simultaneously too much skills and
abilities of pupils and therefore the result is formed from large number of aspects.
Objective tests, vice versa, are organized in such a way that only chosen abilities can be
checked. The objective test’s results can be evaluated mechanically without knowing of individual
pupil’s abilities. In general, the objective tests should meet the whole set of requirements. First of
all, they must be valid and reliable. The notion of validity of tests means its narrow direction. The
current test as a rule checks only one skill or ability (speaking, auding, reading, writing and
translating) or checks the various aspects of foreign language (phonetics, lexis, and grammar). If,
for example, there is a test on spelling, then it mustn’t contain grammar tasks and in evaluating
teacher takes into consideration only phonetic mistakes. Test is considered valid if it excludes
guessing factor, serious discussion or heavy memory factor. So, test can be given only when teacher
considers that pupils have got certain skill and ability as a result of the set of control exercises taken
before. The test is reliable if it shows the same results even after multiple conducting. Besides tests
are to be readable, accessible, take not much time and require a minimum of technical aids. There
are several methods of conducting of tests but usually pupils have free-response type or selection
type tests. The first type is similar to the subjective because pupils are given an opportunity to use
any variants of answer and are not limited in volume. That’s why this type of tests is used rarely in
the primary stage of teaching. According to Hughes the difference between these two types is the
way of scoring and presence or absence of the examiner’s judgement. If there is not any
judgement, the test is objective. On the contrary, the subjective test involves personal judgement
of the examiner[3, с.19].
There are many elicitation techniques that can be used when writing a test. Below are some
widely-used types with some guidance on their strengths and weaknesses. Using the right kind of
question at the right time can be enormously important in giving us a clear understanding of our
students' abilities, but we must also be aware of the limitations of each of these task or question
types so that we use each on appropriately[2, с.16].
Multiple choice
The main part of so called objective tests is made up in technique of multiple choice.
Multiple-choice type is considered to be the most effective of the objective types In the example
given below one can see that pupils are given 4 sentences among which only one is correct and
equivalent in meaning to the word “liar”. Pupils are suggested to define the meaning of the word
“liar” in the following sentences:
1) He likes to lie in bed.
2) He often says things that are not true.
3) He is a sly man.
The advantage of multiple choice test in comparison with other means of revision is that pupil
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faces with all kinds of difficulties and mistakes which he has overcome in assimilating this notion.
In general multiple choice consists of stem, correct response and 2-3 distracters. Because of such
construction of test the problem appears is right to give in the suggested answers some really wrong
answers (As in the sentences above 1, 3, 4). It is quite possible and correct if you stick to the main
condition of test conducting: test is given only after taking great number of training exercises when
teacher is absolutely sure that the given wrong answers in the test won’t harm the new formed skill
or habit of pupils. That’s why in order to prevent the mistakes. Test cannot be held while training
pre-speech and speech exercises. The distractors are based on common mistakes and provoke them.
The number of alternatives mustn’t be less than 4 in order to prevent mere guessing the right answer
and it mustn’t be more than 5- not to take much time for thinking over to answer.
The advantages of this question type are that it is easy to mark and minimizes guess work by
having multiple distracters. The disadvantage is that it can be very time-consuming to create,
effective multiple choice items are surprisingly difficult to write. Also it takes time for the candidate
to process the information which leads to problems with the validity of the exam. If a low level
candidate has to read through lots of complicated information before they can answer the question,
you may find you are testing their reading skills more than their lexical knowledge.
Multiple-choice type is quite an adequate means of checking at an elementary recognition
level. But the less elementary the level is more difficult it is to find suitable distractors and so the
difficulties multiply[2, с.23].
Multiple choice can be used to test most things such as grammar, vocabulary, reading,
listening etc. but you must remember that it is still possible for students to just 'guess' without
knowing the correct answer.
Transformation
Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first.
'Do you know what the time is, John?' asked Dave.
Dave asked John __________ (what) _______________ it was.
This time a candidate has to rewrite a sentence based on an instruction or a key word given.
This type of task is fairly easy to mark, but the problem is that it doesn't test understanding. A
candidate may simply be able to rewrite sentences to a formula. The fact that a candidate has to
paraphrase the whole meaning of the sentence in the example above however minimizes this
drawback[2, с.25].
Transformations are particularly effective for testing grammar and understanding of form.
This wouldn't be an appropriate question type if you wanted to test skills such as reading or
listening.
Gap-filling Complete the sentence.
Check the exchange ______________ to see how much your money is worth.
The candidate fills the gap to complete the sentence. A hint may sometimes be included such
as a root verb that needs to be changed, or the first letter of the word etc. This usually tests grammar
or vocabulary. Again this type of task is easy to mark and relatively easy to write. The teacher must
bear in mind though that in some cases there may be many possible correct answers[2, с.26].
Gap-fills can be used to test a variety of areas such as vocabulary, grammar and are very
effective at testing listening for specific words.
Matching
Test can be made up also on matching. So, for example, pupils can be suggested to match
adjectives from the left column to the nouns in the right one. Of course technique of matching is
applicable to a limited number of tests.
Match the word on the left to the word with the opposite meaning.
Fat
old
Young
tall
Dangerous
thin
Short
safe
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