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Соңғы кезде тіл білімінің құрылымды парадигмасының антропоцентристік парадигмаға өтуі
нәтижесінде интегралды сипаттағы пәндердің пайда болуы байқалады. Лингвистика, философия,
психология, әлеуметтік және мәдениет ғылымдары аспектілері негізінде, ең бастысы – тілдік
құбылыстар адаммен, оның ойлауымен және практикалық қызметімен ұштастыра зерттелгенін
мақаладан көрініс табады.
Өткен ғасырдың екінші жартысынан бастап ғалымдар халық мәдениеті мен сол халықтың
сөйлейтін тілі арасындағы қарым-қатынасты зерттеудің маңыздылығын көтерген болатын. Тіл –
бұл адамның ішкі әлемінің көрінісі, жан дүниесінің есігі. Оның барлық үміттері, наным-сенімдері
ол сөйлейтін өз ана тілінде көрінеді. Қазіргі уақытта тіл мен мәдениеттің өзара байланысы
талассыз факт болып табылады және белгілі бір халықты оның тілдік призмасы арқылы кеңінен
түсініп, тануына жол ашады.
Түйін сөздер: лингвомәдениеттану, когнитивті лингвистика, дефектология, мүмкіндігі
шектеулі балалар, қанатты сөздер, тілдік өзін-өзі тану
Аннотация
Набидуллин А.С.
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Казахский национальный педагогический университет им. Абая
Алматы, Казахстан
Лингво-культурные особенности крылатых фраз и выражений английского языка и
важность их изучения и использования детьми с ограниченными возможностями
Начиная со второй половины прошлого века, ученые подняли вопрос важности изучения
взаимоотношений между культурой народа и языка, на котором данный народ разговаривает.
Язык – это некий взгляд во внутренний мир человека, дверь в его душу. Все его надежды,
верования и убеждения проявляются в его речи, в его родном языке на котором он говорит.
Взаимосвязь языка и культуры в наше время является бесспорным фактом, и весь колорит
определенного народа понимается куда более обширно через призму его языка. Именно по этой
причине мы решили сделать крылатые фразы и выражения предметом изучения данной статьи,
ведь именно в них таится мудрость и сознательность народа. Обширная часть крылатых
выражений и фраз английского языка появились вследствие определенного феномена или
события. Часть из них сохраняет свою архаичность и несет в себе культуру народов живших
давным-давно, другие же видоизменялись вместе с историей, и также как и менялся и развивался
народ, менялось и значение крылатых фраз. Эти фразы и выражения можно охарактеризовать как
понятливые, короткие, имеющие глубокий смысл и пользу, будоражащие воображение и несущие
в себе национальную специфику. В данной статье мы также рассмотрели возможности, пути и
важность изучения подобных фраз и выражений детьми с ограниченными возможностями. Их
использование не только имеет потенциал развивать мышление и воображение детей, но и
прививает им особенности культуры народа говорящего на этом языке, что благоприятно влияет
на аутентичность их речи.
Ключевые слова: Лингвокультурология, когнитивная лингвистика, дефектология, дети с
ограниченными возможностями, крылатых фраз, языковое самосознание
In the second half of this century, the advanced linguistics of the world changes the theoretical
directions of linguistics into new special channels, which differ from structural linguistics, that is, to link
language with individuality, his thinking and spiritual and practical activities. In the past three-four years,
the so-called "linguistic cultural science" is mentioned among completely new areas called cognitive,
anthropological linguistics. None of them are branches of science of the Kazakh language. However, in
the shortest possible time these directions will be based on scientific and practical directions of Kazakh
linguistics. Because "XXI century will be the century of the humanities ".
In general, linguoculture is a science that has already started to form, but still has scientific
principles and concepts, the concept of which is not defined, and there are two different opinions; but it
will certainly be in the forefront of the humanities in the XXI century.
The reason why we are considering some issues of the new scientific channel, which is the
language of interaction between language and culture, is to prove and understand many questions of
linguistic-cultural science by comparing the materials of several languages; each language unit of
cultural-ethnic baggage reveals clear signs of a complex translation in the process of this transfer. In
recent years, in research work of the G.Smagulova, A.Aldasheva, Zh.Mankeeva, A.Salkinbay,
A.Seisenova, G.Kazhgaliyeva, N.Aitova, A.Seilhan and others have confirmed that the main direction of
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development of linguoculturology is reflection and development life and worldview of the national
language. If the researcher R.Avakova who explores the ethno -linguistic state of word
combinations, in which the national psychological character, makes conclusions that:"Like a
culture that recognizes the world as the center of its development, language also opens its
boundless features to its faces and riddles, and secrets", then scientist A.Salkynbay about the
relevance of the nomenclature of data on linguistic units in connection with the national cultural
life says that: "The study of linguistic data in linguistic and cultural aspects is primarily a definition of
the common humanitarian, cultural and civilization aspects of languages. Phenomena in nature and in the
world, moral values in society are all reflected in the language, the name and character of its creation is
considered in a linguistic and cultural aspect. "
And Professor G.Smagulov about the peculiarities of the linguistic and cultural heritage says that:
“Linguistic culturology – is a ethnocultural and ethnopsychological factors and cultural component of the
national-cultural sense in the language, the study of language in the context of modern use of language,
the identification of national characteristics without ideology.”At the same time, the triad of language-
nation-culture will be the subject of study of the linguistic and cultural science.
A.Aldasheva about the problems of lingual-cultural in the translation process:
“Linguistic and cultural characteristics are a unique characteristic of the national culture, and they are not
divided into national culture.”
Some theoretical principles and bases for studying the relationship between these subjects as
"language and culture" are similar to each other, ethno-linguistic studies intensively developed on the
bases of the scientific research of such scientists as A.Khaydar, E.Zhanpeisov, M.Kopylenko,
Zh.Mankeeva and N.Uali and others. In the Kazakh language the problem of "language and culture"
was reflected in the researches of A.Baitursynov, K.Zhubanov, A.Kaidar E.Zhanpeisova.
R.Syzdykova,
O.Nakysbekova,
S.Sarybaev,
T.Zhanuzakova,
N.Uali,
Zh.Mankeeva,
K.Rysbergenov and others.
Proverbs and sayings are folk wisdom, coming from the depths of centuries, the spiritual heritage
of ancestors [1, 184]. According to the researches, the proverb is an introductory word from Arabic
which means "the word sayings in a place". M.Auezov about the differences between proverbs and
sayings: "In proverbs the idea is completely consistent, which usually consists of one or more complete
sentences. In contrast to proverbs, sayings are not formed in full form, they are formed in the form of a
word combination, short and clear. "[2, 175].
Ahmet Baitursynov about proverbs and sayings: "Sayings are significant words spoken at a certain
time. Sayings are closer to proverbs. But the proverbs are presented in the form of truth from practice. "-
so he detached the difference between proverbs and sayings. [2, 321]. A scientist K.Akhanov says that:
"The proverbs are often divided into two parts, the first reflects conditional or generalization, and in the
latter the final conclusion, the essence." [3, 352]. But still, we can not deny the fact that some of the
proverbs, such as
"native land is a golden cradle", consist of only one sentence, a statement made
directly. There are no assumptions like in sayings.
M.Alymbaev about proverbs: "proverbs are a collection of all the features of the nature of proverbs
that summarizes and personifies the phenomena of life, one or all of the community, the latter part
embraces the most convincing, irrefutable, final formulation of the conclusion." For example: Better
late than never [4, 17p.].
There have some contradictory statements about the sayings. For example, V.Arkhangelsk
considers proverbs as the equivalent of the word combinations. Such statements about phrases
and statements can not be groundless. This is also related to the nature of languages that are
individually or in the same genetic group. This issue requires personal study of the Turkish
languages. Comparing proverbs and phrases A.Nurmakhanov says: "Some semantic and
grammatical features can not be ignored. Phrases are shorter than proverbs and sayings, thoughts
are not clearly formed, verbs and nominative word combinations in the mode of education are
operated on the regularity of the internal language. In addition, both phrases and proverbsand
sayings are used in ready-made form. Proverbs contain a complete idea, a thought, and consist of
two parts. "[5, 224]. However, we can not deny the fact that the word combinations are also
two-dimensional, and has the phrases which contains a complete thoughts. Even some people do
not divide into proverbs and sayings, for example, Uzbeks say "proverb", and Azerbaijanis
simply say "words of their ancestors", and this also applies to the English language.
In the Kazakh Soviet encyclopedia, the proverb is defined as: "Sayings are a short, stable
expression, without contradictions, as distinct from the proverb, a complete statement. The main
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