Исингалиева Ж.А.
коммуникаций им. М.Тынышпаева (г. Алматы, Казахстан)
– студент, Казахская академия транспорта и коммуникаций
им. М.Тынышпаева (г. Алматы, Казахстан)
Construction engineering concerns the planning and management of the construction of
structures such as highways, bridges,dams, and reservoirs. Construction of such projects requires
knowledge of engineering and management principles and business procedures, economics, and
human behavior. Construction engineers engage in the design of structures temporary, cost
estimating, planning and scheduling, materials procurement, selection of equipment, and cost
Railway engineering is a multi-faceted engineering discipline dealing with the design,
construction and operation of all types of railway systems. It encompasses a wide range of
engineering disciplines, including civil engineering, computer engineering, electrical
engineering, mechanical engineering, industrial engineering and production engineering. A great
Highway engineering is an engineering discipline branching from civil engineering that
179
«РОЛЬ ТРАНСПОРТНОЙ НАУКИ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ПЯТИ ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ
РЕФОРМ», ПОСВЯЩЕННОЙ ПЛАНУ НАЦИИ «100 КОНКРЕТНЫХ ШАГОВ»
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
tunnels to ensure safe and effective transportation of people and goods. Highway engineering
became prominent towards the latter half of the 20th Century after World War 2. Standards of
highway engineering are continuously being improved. Highway engineers must take into
account future traffic flows, design of highway intersections/interchanges, geometric alignment
and design, highway pavement materials and design, structural design of pavement thickness,
and pavement maintenance.
Bridges
A bridge is a structure designed to provide passage over an obstacle, oftentimes water.
Bridges carry such transportation elements as roadways, railroad tracks, and walkways over
waterbodies, along with such utilities as water pipes, support power cables, and
telecommunications lines.
The Brooklyn Bridge.
The
Brooklyn Bridge
was opened for use on May 24, 1883, crossing the East River in New York City
between the boroughs of Brooklyn and Manhattan. As the first bridge over the East River, the Brooklyn Bridge
had a major impact on the small, independent city of Brooklyn. The newly energized city soon became closely
linked to Manhattan, one of the world's leading commercial, cultural, financial, medical, and tourist centers. By
opening a new transportation link, the bridge made possible the rapid growth of Brooklyn.
One notable underwater tunnel is the 137-meter (450-foot) Orwigsburg Tunnel (the first
tunnel dug in the United States) that was completed in 1821 at Orwigsburg Landing, near
Auburn, Pennsylvania. Also impressive are the New York City tunnels: the Holland Tunnel (the
world's only threetube tunnel) and the Lincoln Tunnel (the Hudson River's first tunnel) under the
Hudson river; the Queens-Midtown Tunnel under the East River; and the Brooklyn–Battery
Tunnel under New York Bay.
The Channel Tunnel, frequently called the "Chunnel," is a 50-kilometer (32-mile) tunnel
that provides a railroad link under the Strait of Dover in the English Channel between Cheriton
(near Kent), England and Coquelles, France. The tunnel, one of the most impressive civil
engineering projects of the twentieth century, has an ultimate design capacity of 600 trains per
day each way.
Throughout its history, the English Channel has proven to be very hazardous for marine
travel. The Chunnel is delivering a large market share of the transportation industry between
England and continental Europe, and is doing it in a much safer way than traveling through
dangerous ocean waters.
Conclusion:
Generally speaking, construction engineers have many activities that they have to do
every day. Those activities include drafting, decision making, computer interaction,
communication, documenting, creative thinking, organizing, information collecting, estimating,
and analyzing. Construction engineers use drafting to design structures and to show others how
to build them. They have to analyze information and make the best decision and solve problems.
Computers are an important tool used by construction engineers. They use them to write
programs and solve equations. Communication is used every day to interact with coworkers and
supervisors. They have to communicate in person, by telephone, and through e-mail.
Documentation is used to record important information that needs to be passed on to
180
«РОЛЬ ТРАНСПОРТНОЙ НАУКИ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ПЯТИ ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ
РЕФОРМ», ПОСВЯЩЕННОЙ ПЛАНУ НАЦИИ «100 КОНКРЕТНЫХ ШАГОВ»
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
management. Most documenting is done in electronic form. Creative thinking is used to come up
with new ideas and solve problems. Construction engineers have to be organized to accomplish
goals and prioritize jobs. They have to gather information on the task at hand before they can
start a project. This will help ensure that the job is completed correctly. In order to keep a project
under budget, construction engineers have to estimate costs of materials and workers. Finally,
they have to analyze data to find answers to problems they are having on the job site.,
Keywords: transport construction, civil engineering, highway, rail road, bridge, tunnel,
underwater tunnel, underground tunnel, planning, design, transportation.
REFERENCES
1. http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/Bi-Ca/Bridges-Causeways-and-Underwater-
Tunnels.html#ixzz46hnNIQNE
2. http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/Bi-Ca/Bridges-Causeways-and-Underwater-
Tunnels.html#ixzz46hoBZldP
3. http://www.slideshare.net/saurabhsamant/tunnel-engineering
4. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/buildingbig/wonder/structure/golden_gate.html
5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railway_engineering
6. https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Construction_engineering
7. http://www.wisegeek.net/what-is-highway-engineering.htm#didyouknowout
Достарыңызбен бөлісу: