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· arming students with a skill system of the work with various sources of
geographic information (maps, guides, etc.);
· familiarizing with a wide range of professions, based on the geographic
knowledge and skills.
One of the main principles of an elective is the geographical material updating,
wide intersubjective knowledge coordination.
Thus, with all the diversity of the overall content of extracurricular activities it is
that elective - is a form of extracurricular activities, which are inextricably linked to
the appointed lessons, continues and develops them, affects their quality. The
following is characteristic for all electives: constant support on a local history
material, big share of independent works of pupils, wide application of lecture and
seminar methods.
The result of training students in various elective is their steady progress on the
subject at school, as well as clear vocational guidance.
3. School museums
School museum is a form of work on the development of creative independence
and social activity of students in the process of collecting, researching, processing,
presentation and promotion materials - sources on the history of nature and society,
with educational, scientific and educational value.
When organizing the museum it is necessary to take into account that this is a
collecting and research work. The basis of a museum creation is the local history
work relying on self-government and pupils’ initiative.
The decision on school geographical or local history museum creation is taken
by the school pedagogic council, and it picks up pupils for the museum board. The
activity of a museum should be under the construction on the basis of self-
government, development of their initiative, by the skillful pedagogical management.
It is expedient to include into a museum council representatives from each class.
Sometimes the separate class is fixed to each section of a museum. The care of
replenishment of funds, the organization of excursions, safeties of exhibits is assigned
to it. To involve in a museum work as many pupils as possible, it is necessary to
create groups of guides, lecturers, various sectors: design, registration and storage of
funds, public relations, etc.
Usually collecting necessary materials begins with independent studying of
sources. Ways of collecting materials for a museum are various. The main and most
important is a local history search. Pupils and their parents who help to fill up a
museum with various exhibits are involved in local history work. The question of
ensuring continuity of a museum asset is worthy in the organization and development
of a school geographical or local history museum. Therefore it is necessary when
pupils of different school age have been involved in a museum work; this is a
guarantee of its work continuity, maintenance of museum traditions.
It is necessary to pay attention to close connection of a museum activity with
educational process at school. It is necessary to think over, what lessons can be
carried out with the use of museum pieces or conducted direct in the museum.
4. Geographical clubs
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The club form of extracurricular work is recognized by many teachers as one of
the most promising and interesting for pupils. It differs from the other forms of work
by the possibility of different age pupils involvement, big variety in a contents
choice, information width, involvement of experts from different areas, need of
establishment of contacts to other organizations.
The organizational structure of club is as follows: the chairman is at the head,
club council (from heads of various sections), and clubmen.
The content of club work can have the following directions: clubs of the nature
fans, clubs of interesting meetings, clubs of film travel.
Clubs of the nature fans unite everybody who is interested in physical
geography, problems of conservation, protection of plants and animals first of all.
Geography and biology teachers work in close contact organizing these clubs.
The purpose of the club work is a systematic study of the nature protection, a
deep comprehension of these issues, the acquisition of practical skills and knowledge
to care for plants, animals, on the practical implementation of nature protection of
native land.
The task of the club work is love to the nature, arming with a scientific
knowledge explaining for what and how one should protect the nature, instilling the
skills of independent and practical work in the nature.
The main forms of a school club work are lectures, seminars, practical works,
educational films watching, conferences, excursions, etc. Clubmen write papers and
reports, give talks with younger pupils, give lectures, perform practical works,
organize KVN.
5. Geographical Olympiads
Olympiads are one of important forms of extracurricular work promoting
cognitive interest to geography. The school Olympiads on geography is a mass type
of competitions, which purpose is involvement of a bigger number of pupils in the
extracurricular work, increase of their interest to geography, independence
development, and improvement of all-educational and specific to geography abilities.
Along with the cognitive interest development Olympiads allow to solve the
question of a pupils’ choice of geography as disciplines for deeper studying that will
help them to define the future profession further more correctly. Consequently, the
geographical Olympiads are the challenges of vocational guidance work with
students. This form of extracurricular activities, thanks to the massive participation of
students in it, helps one learn the staging of geographic education in the field.
It should be noted that the Olympiads on geography should sum up all
extracurricular work on a subject therefore carrying them out is preceded by a
preparation stage that conducts to more accurate organization of teaching and
educational process, to increase the level of pupils’ knowledge in this subject, to
more purposeful development of interest to geography and cognitive independence.
6. Geographical evenings
One of the most widespread mass forms of extracurricular work is geographical
evenings. They can be held both as independent events, and as a component of school
week in geography. More often the theme of geographical evenings is connected with
any anniversaries of our country history or hometown anniversaries.
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