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Do not leave tourists only listeners, force them to work actively.
Do not throw tourists with many names: they will forget them.
Be able to show objects correctly and teach listeners to watch correctly: it
should be visible for everybody.
Do not tire tourists: they will cease to listen to you.
Fix the excursion in memory by the subsequent study of the material.
Excursions on location are divided on
introductive, usually carried out in
autumn,
current (during the whole academic year) and
final (generalizing and
repeating the material), carried out in spring.
Introductive excursions have the purpose to
interest pupils with the put
questions, observations and collected material. Final excursions are constructed to
familiarize pupils with the objects, the phenomena, regularities and so forth in nature
which they studied according to the textbook and in a class. Independent work on all
types of excursions develop interest, thinking, form research abilities, observation
and bring pupils to the laws
of nature understanding, features of alive and
dependences of the wildlife on the person.
Excursions have a great value for the teacher as well. Having appeared together
with the pupils face to face with the nature, he clearly feels the duty of the naturalist
necessity to know and understand the live world. There is an understanding of the
necessity of collecting a herbarium, collections for educational process, to work with
descriptors, to improve the naturalistic abilities, botanical, zoological and ecological
knowledge. Without a sufficient possession of certain knowledge and abilities
carrying out the excursion in nature with children will always be problematic for the
teacher, and it means that pupils will not get due biological education.
These are, for example, biological Olympiads, evenings, holidays, hours of
entertaining biology, and work on conservation. They are organized
by the biology
teacher by means of a group of pupils.
The school biological Olympiads are conducted in two rounds. Usually a month
before the Olympiads a group of naturalists issues a bulletin about the order of its
carrying out, hangs out the list of the recommended literature.
The first round of the Olympiad is in writing including 2 or 3 questions,
demanding short concrete answers. For the second round of the Olympiad naturalists
prepare alive and fixed natural objects, effigies, tables, drawings and pictures of
plants and animals, anatomic preparations. All this is placed into sections: "Botany",
"Zoology", «Anatomy and human physiology», «The general biology».
In each department the Olympiad participants take tickets with one question or
task, asking to name a plant, animal or to tell whose traces are represented on the
drawing, or tell briefly about any object, the phenomenon.
The first round of the Olympiad may be carried out in absentia. Thus in a
specially issued bulletin pupils are offered to name the biological objects represented
on the drawings and pictures, to specify, for example, what animal species have the
traces, bites or other expressions of life, name these or those organs and tell about
their functions in an organism. The bulletin indicates literature. Written answers to
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questions the students put in a box, and then the teacher and a jury selected from
naturalists assess them.
The winners of school Olympiads are the applicants to the district
or regional
competition.
Biological KVN, so common in schools are carried out following the example of
TV KVN
. Several classes (parallel better) select two teams, each of which for 2 or 3
weeks prior to the beginning of competition prepares a biological greeting for the
rival team, questions, riddles, poems and stories on wildlife.
The leader from the naturalists prepares for KVN beforehand, and the jury
including the head, naturalist circle asset, class teachers, the chairman of the school
student's staff is elected for the teams work assessment during the competition. The
teacher - the organizer of KVN directs all the work. He recommends participants the
corresponding literature, is interested in the course of game preparation, carries out
consultations, gives advice how to realize these or those ideas of teams more
interestingly.
Fans are invited to biological KVNs - all wishing pupils of school. Date of KVN
is announced beforehand: on the colourfully issued announcement in a school lobby.
Hours of entertaining biology are usually organized in classes or in parallel
classes. The duration of one lesson is an academic hour.
Circle members or certain pupils prepare beforehand under the direction of the
teacher each hour of the entertaining biology (botany, zoology or other). They select
necessary data from the recommended literature, assemble them, prepare visual aids.
When lessons have a game form (for example, a form of travel), leaders are chosen.
The leader offers
pupils to have a travel, points stops during which circle
members prepared in advance report interesting data about plants (on entertaining
botany), about animals (on entertaining zoology), etc.
The leader may offer participants to guess any biological riddles, to solve
crossword puzzles, to answer quiz questions.
Various
biological evenings, for example «Wood treasures», «Travel home
houseplants», «As superstitions» etc. are organized the same way. A great
preparatory work precedes every evening: the evening program is developed, the
topics of reports and messages are distributed between the organizers, its entertaining
part (quiz questions, biological games, crossword puzzles), amateur performances
(the poem, a performance), decorating, an exhibition of naturalistic works
of pupils
are prepared.
Value of such preparation first of all is that pupils join independent work with
various popular scientific and reference books (to broaden their biological horizons),
comprehend and creatively process the found information. One of the most important
tasks of the school, connected with development of creative activity and
independence of teenagers, abilities to be guided in a flow of modern information is
thus realized. In cases when the teacher uses ready scenarios and offers the pupils
(speakers, leaders) to learn this or that text and to retell it at the evening, the teaching
and educational effect of the spent evenings is insignificant.
All
school students take part in mass socially useful actions carried out by
school for the conservation, gardening of the school territory. This work is organized
