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Lesson №23
Introduction to “Physics in the development of astronautics”
Seminar.
1. Recommended nominations for independent research:
2. The scientific heritage of Tsiolkovsky K. E. and other scientists.
3. Astronomy and
cosmophysics.
4. The Russian cosmism.
5. Space Life Sciences.
6. Stages of rocketry.
7. Spaceships of the present and future.
4) Methodological support
Facilities and resources of Physics classroom and a classroom of information
technologies are used in the teaching process. The school library material is used in
the teaching process.
The program is intended for pupils of 15-17 years old. The deadlines of the
program are 2016-2017 y. y. The number of academic hours is – 68. Frequency of
training is once during the study.
5) The list for further reading:
1. Basharuly R., Kazakhbayev D., Tokbergenova U., Bekbasar N. Physics and
Astronomy for secondary school pupils. - Almaty: "Mektep" Publishing house, 2013.
2. Landau L. D., Kitaigorodsky A. M. Physics for everyone. - M .: Nauka, 1974.
3. Bludov M. M. Conversations on Physics. - M .: Prosveschenie, 1992.
4. Computer programs and encyclopedia on CD-ROM: Physics for pupils of the
7-11
th
forms.
5. Lukashik V. I. Collection of tasks on Physics for pupils of the 7-9
th
forms. -
M .: Prosveschenie, 2002.
6. Peryshkin A. V. Collection of tasks on Physics for pupils of the 7-9
th
forms. –
M.: “Examen” Publishing house, 2004.
7. Basharuly R. Physics around us. “Atamura” Publishing house, 2012.
8. Basharuly R., Tokbergenova U. “Physics and Astronomy”. Textbook for
pupils of the 7
th
form, 2012.
9. Lukashik V. I., Ivanova E. I. Collection of tasks on Physics.
“Chemistry”
The twenty first century is called the century of biology and chemistry. There
are products of chemical processing around us and our life is a change of various
chemical processes. The whole history of mankind’s material culture is connected
with the Laws of nature and fundamental biological knowledge is the scientific basis
of general principles of industry and agriculture’s organization.
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Medicine, genetics, filtering, veterinary science, agricultural practices and
ecology are based not only on the knowledge of biology but on chemical laws as
well.
Every day the prestige of biological and chemical knowledge and professions
grows all over the world.
According to scientists’ point of view, the most popular specialties and
professions related to the study of living organisms and environmental protection
laws will be in high demand in 5 years.
1) Explanatory note
The study of Chemistry in the structures of additional education is the
continuation of educational process which begins in the classroom. Various forms
and types of this process complement and deepen pupils’ knowledge as well as
contribute to maintaining a sustainable interest in the study of Chemistry.
Education and training constitute a single educational process providing the
formation and all-round development of pupil’s personality. The methodological
basis of program’s construction of additional education on Chemistry for children is
the integration of circle activities and lessons as well as the Intra integration of
educational subject on Chemistry. The study of chemistry’s basics allows to form an
idea of it as an integral science, to show the unity of its concepts, laws and theories,
its versatility and applicability for both inorganic and organic chemistry.
Another idea is a natural and scientific interdisciplinary integration that allows
combining on chemical basis the knowledge of Physics, Biology, Geography,
Ecology into a common understanding of the natural world, i.e, to form an integrated
natural and scientific picture of the world.
The third idea is the combination of knowledge on Chemistry with the
Humanities such as: History, Literature, History of World Art. It allows showing the
role of Chemistry in non-chemical sphere of human activity. One of the important
general psychological conditions necessary for successful activity in the field of
chemistry is an interest, aptitudes and abilities to this science. The complex of
chemical abilities includes such components as logical thinking, the ability to
abstraction and generalization, associative thinking, the ability to memorize factual
material and terms, etc. Chemical direction is determined by a special curiosity
shown in the knowledge of substances and processes of its transformation. Chemists
have a desire to work with substances, to carry out the transformation of substances,
to get new substances, etc. The content of the program of additional education for
children is subject to strictly defined requirements: scientificity, availability,
systematicity, voluntarism, relevance and practical significance, interest, etc.
Such form and type of work are chosen depending on the content of the lesson
as:
mass – educational competition, oral book, week (ten days, a month) on
Chemistry, quiz , Chemistry hour, conference, excursion and Chemical Societies;
group – edition of wall newspaper and making a stand;
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individual – work with literature, abstracting, some research, production of
equipment for chemical room, etc.
2) Academic content
The theoretical basis of the program of additional education for children on
Chemistry consists of modern ideas about the aggregate state of matter, qualitative
and quantitative composition of matter, chemical process, the basis of chemical
analysis. Such topics include the knowledge of some chemicals that are used for
domestic purposes, electrochemistry, metal chemistry, biochemistry, advances in the
field of national economy’s chemicalization. Enough time is paid to the entertaining
chemistry and practical work. Such arrangement allows bringing pupils to the
understanding of materiality and cognoscibility of substances’ world, the reasons of
its diversity, universal connection of phenomena. And this allows pupils to learn
chemical content and to understand it better, to know the role and place of Chemistry
in natural sciences system. Logic and program structuring allows a full use of logical
operations thinking in learning: analysis and synthesis, comparison and analogy,
generalization and systematization.
Aims and objectives:
The main purposes of the program of additional education for children on
chemistry:
-
helping pupils in determining sustainable interests in Chemistry;
- identifying aptitudes, abilities and talents;
- broadening of pupils’ outlook and knowledge in an advanced study of program
questions that go beyond the curriculum but are available for pupils’ understanding;
- development of labor, moral and aesthetic education of pupils;
- development of pupils’ ability to work independently with the literature and
their skills of experimental work in the laboratory;
- formation of pupils’ activities;
- improvement of creative and experimental training’s level;
- learning to solve complicated tasks;
- learning to define the place and role of knowledge on Chemistry in practical
activity and in the development of modern technologies;
- development of cognitive interests, intellectual and creative abilities in the
learning process of Chemistry achievements that were included in the human culture,
complex and contradictory ways of the development of modern scientific views,
ideas, concepts, different hypotheses while working with different sources of
information, its contribution to the development of civilization;
- use of obtained knowledge in everyday life for solving application tasks.
The program of additional education on Chemistry is aimed at pupils of the 9
th
form, 3 hours per week (102 hours).
Training form and mode:
- Research laboratory practicum, independent work;
- problem-based learning, creation of problematic situations and solving
problems - "question - task - problem".
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