Exercises teaching debate skills
“Zebra”
The idea of this game is that every player must estimate the statement,
Pointing out its positive and negative sides. For example, National Testing is good, because this kind of control can check the level of teaching
Some subjects in all the schools of RK, it can save time. But it is bad,
Because it can’t estimate the level of thinking abilities effectively.
Some ideas to discuss
capital punishment 11. family planning
Legalization of drugs 12. polygamy
scientific progress 13. a ban of divorce
making clones 14. modern cinema
marriage of convenience 15. early marriages
prohibition law 16. substitution maternity
advertisement 17. diet
mass media 18. professional sport
vegetarianism 19. euthanasia
female emancipation
“The chain of disproofs”
The students listen to the statement and the first player disproves it. The second player protects it. The third player disproves it, etc. till the point when the players begin to repeat themselves.
Possible statements
Juvenile delinquents must be punished as adult criminals.
It is necessary to use corporal punishment at school.
Stray animals must be destroyed.
Woman in our society is more important than man.
It is necessary to include religion into school curricula.
It is necessary to ban production and sale of alcohol drinks.
Prostitution must be legalized.
Advertising is not ethic.
“Preconceived reading”
All the participants are divided into 2 groups – affirmative and negative. These groups read the text according to their position trying to find necessary information, analyzing it and using it in their favour.
Then the groups present orally the read material.
“Yes-No-Don’t know”
React the statement choosing one of the answers and
taking a certain place in the classroom. As a result we have 3 groups which have different opinions on the question.
The representatives of these groups must prove their opinion.
You can join other groups if your opinionchange influenced by the speech of other participants.
Possible statements for discussion
It is necessary to try everything in life.
You can do everything if you love.
It is too early to read Dostoevsky at school.
Going to school must be voluntary.
There is no friendship between women.
Judge is always wrong.
It is pleasant to be an excellent student.
Children always oppose to their parents.
Genius and evil are absolutely different.
Cowardice can be excused.
Every person builds his life himself.
Money doesn’t smell.
It is terrible to live.
Men must serve in the army.
“Written debate”
All the participants must be divided into 2 groups: an affirmative and negative group. It is more suitable for groups to sit opposite each other. Both groups must write their ideas on sheets of paper during 5 minutes. First the affirmative team writes the first argument and gives proofs. The opponent team reads the argument, answers it and gives their argument, supporting it with proofs. It continues till the time is up. As a result teams find the best argument of the opponent team. At the end they give oral presentation of their ideas.
“Tell me”
Students work in pairs. Pairs are given topics of their speech and the limit of time. One of the students is to express his opinion on the topic; the second participant listens to the speaker attentively and then analyses his speech skills pointing out speech mistakes and estimating it.
“Stock-taking of skills”
Write down 3 skills which, from your point of view, can help you to become good speakers.
Share your ideas with other participants.
“Rewriting fairy-tales”
Analyze the problem from another point of view. For example, the situation from the fairy-tale can be rewritten from the opinion of a negative character.
Possible examples
A tale about Little Red Riding Hood, told by Wolf
A tale about Kolobok, told by Fox
A tale about White Snow, told by a Wicked Queen.
“Guess who you are”
Play in pairs. The name of a famous person (a politician, a writer, a book character) is put on the back of one student. The second student knows this name and he is to answer his questions. Questions must be closed (yes/no). It is better to ask as few questions as possible.
“Pedagogical slalom”
The participants of this game imagine that they are in a public place (town banya, railway station, school, supermarket).One student becomes a headmaster of this institution. According to the rules of the game, he is hurrying to the meeting. The rest of the students have come to ask him questions, he has to solve urgent problems during a short period of time.
“Debate reporter”
Be reporters of the game you see.
Write down 5 things that winners do best of all.
Your essays are published.
Examples of cases for refutation
Resolution: The government will improve the knowledge and using the constitutional rights of the population of Republic of Kazakhstan
Definitions:
Constitutional right – a term, used in juridical and political literature that means a field of right, regulating the relationships which are fixed by the Constitution and other normative acts, issued for its execution.
Primary pupils – pupils who study in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th forms of schools of Kazakhstan.
We’d like to concentrate on the primary pupils, because even Mahatma Gandi said: “If we want to have peace in the whole world, we should start with the children!”
SQ: Nowadays the problem of the protection of the rights, and as a result, the problem of discrimination is very sharp in our country. The government is beginning to take some steps and inform the citizens in rightful field, but still 34% of pupils know almost nothing about their rights, 80% of which are primary pupils. At the same time, 65% of discrimination of the children’s rights takes place at school, according to the Children’s Fund’s research. There are plenty of cases of discrimination of children’s rights: for example, in 2008-2009 2568 children phoned to the helpline “SanaSezim” of a centre of protection of children’s rights. This statistics shows us the inefficiency of such steps and proves the necessity of improving the real situation. Though primary pupils are little, they are already quite conscious citizens of our republic, and the destiny of our country depends on their level of readiness for the future life. Can you imagine, what citizen will the child become if he doesn’t know about his rights, that they can and must be protected? Of course, the Constitution is available to all, but its language is too complicated for schoolchildren. On the other side the teachers of primary schools don’t have an experience of working with rightful acts and, as a result cannot explain the material correctly. And we know, that having become a 1st grade pupil, the child starts the first legal relationships in his life. The shooting of the cartoon in Shymkent has become one of the ways to increase the law level of the rightful knowledge problem. The first part of the children’s serial “The Constitution for Kids” has been shot here. The authors of this project are the staff of Shymkent cinema studio “Animaster”. The children of Southern Kazakhstan have become the first viewers of the cartoon, and it is still broadcasted on the local TV, but as we know, children do not usually watch local television or don’t watch TV at all, that’s why we don’t see the results of this action and our statistics proves it.
Nowadays all the schools are also supplied with all the necessary equipment, but unfortunately it is not used to inform the schoolchildren in this field
Problem: The low level of primary pupils’ knowledge about their rights, especially about the Constitution.
Actuality: From the first years of his schoollife the child takes a step into his adult life. Though before study he is under the guardianship and protection of his parents, having become a pupil he begins to meet new people, come across with new events and gets down to new activity. And here he can already get into dangerous situations, that’s why it is necessary to protect the child and give an opportunity to learn the Constitution, to know his own rights to be able to solve the problems, having all the necessary knowledge and experience.
Reasons of our problem are:
1. There are many difficulties in learning of the Constitution because the language is too complicated and there’s no examples which are understandable and popular to children.
2. The teachers of primary schools have no experience of explaining the rightful acts to the schoolchildren.
The ways of solution of this problem:
The Government buys the cartoon from Shymkent studio “Animaster” in order to show it to the primary pupils in schools.
The Ministry of Education works out specializes methodical textbooks for the teacher of primary schools. They will include a short manual for the lessons, the plan and description of the cartoon by fragments, also the instructions about how to present the information given in the Constituition.
The same Ministry works out the little book “The Constitution for Kids”, saving all the necessary terms and norms used in the document. But in order to make the Constitution more understandable and interesting, the children’s rights will be described in easier language and vivid form with the use of poems and bright illustrations.
Having worked out the textbooks for the teachers and little books for children the Ministry of Education makes a public order to the publishing house “Atamura” for the printing. (The 2nd chapter “ the human and the citizen”)
There will be a decree of the Education Departments to include watching this cartoon in the program of “Samopoznanie” course, which is taught at primary schools now.
Organization of showing the cartoon to the pupils in accordance with the decree, using available equipment: activboards, TV sets, projectors etc.
A correction to the program “Kazakhstan children” in the paragraph 5.3: qualitative education of primary pupils in the kids’ right field.
Agents of action: The Ministry of Education,
education departments,
teachers of primary schools,
“Animaster” studio,
“Atamura” publishing house.
Terms: 2 months for working out and printing of the textbooks;
1,5 months for accepting the decree and including the cartoon in “Samopoznanie” course;
1 month for buying the cartoon and preparing all the necessary documents.
Finances: the money are to be taken from the budget of “Kazakhstan children” program;
100 million tenge will be spent on books for children;
3 500 000 tenge will be spent on textbooks for teachers;
100 thousand tenge – on accepting of the decree;
and 2 million tenge are going to be spent on buying the cartoon altogether – 105 600 tenge.
Consequences: So, if our excellent ways of solution come true, we’ll get the children, who have a clear idea about their rights in order to use them correctly and avoid discrimination in the future life. The children who know the Constitution at such an early age will actually be a reliable support and worthy rising generation!
Resolution: The state must create the effective program on propagandizing the state symbols among the citizens of Kazakhstan.
SQ: Nowadays the government of Kazakhstan pays a lot of attention to propagandizing of the SS. Citizens of our country have to know them and respect them. The President of our country declared many times that one of the most important directions in the development of the modern society in KZ is formation of patriotism and bringing up on high civil responsibility, which will help to strengthen our community.
Spreading of the SS is the most effective way to bring up patriotism. Today there are some directions of propagandizing of the SS to some particular group of citizens. Some amendments to the law about SS were made. According to this law certain SS are established and certain rules are used to control the usage of SS, producing the flag and the coat of arms.
Article 14 of this law says that it is necessary to have a special license for producing the state flag and the coat of arms. It means that the law establishes special demands to the companies which produce them. Nowadays there are 200 companies which produce objects with the drawing of SS. But actually we do not see the results of this work.
They are not interested in producing objects with drawing of SS. Notice!
It is very important not only know and hear it, but to have them at home, because it is a more effective way of bringing up. Existing ways of propagandizing are not enough. According to the results of the interview we see that only 12 per cent of all citizens of KZ have objects with the drawing of SS at home. The reasons are the absence of these goods on sale and high prices of these goods. Our businessmen do not have enough advantages and support from KZ.
Problem: It is not available to buy and use SS and objects with their drawing because of their absence.
Actuality: We can’t propagandize SS without having them at home.
Reasons: 1. Scanty government’s support of enterprises which have license to produce objects with SS.
2. The lack of information about SS among the population.
Ways of solution: 1. To make some changes to the plan of realization of the program for patriotic bringing up and codex of taxes. These changes will be made by the Parliament until Issuing this new program. The changes are about supporting licensed producers of SS by the State. The supporting is the following: lowering of state taxes (8 %).
2. For attracting more producers and enterprises to produce the objects with drawing of SS the government of KZ through mass media will attract agencies and local departments to support small and average business. They will inform producers about changes to the law and privileges made for them. Also they will inform them about high demand for such goods.
3. The Committee for SS together with the committee for
standardizing and metrology and certification of KZ declare a tender among designers and painters to reveal the best projects for Producing. The project of winners will become a standard. We mean that afterwards enterprises and businessmen will produce only approved production.
4. The Ministry of Culture and Agency of Information together with the committee of SS make a tender of advertisement in every region. The contract will be signed with winners. We mean that banners and billboards will be used in propagandizing State symbols.
Agents of action: 1. State committee for standardizing, metrology and certification
2. The Ministry of Culture and mass media.
3. The Parliament
4. Enterprises of small and average business
5. Designers and painters
6. Agency of advertisement
Terms: Amendment – 3 months
Tender - once a year
Finance: 500 million tinge
Consequences: our citizens will get an opportunity to buy objects with drawing of
SS, so in such a way we can propagandize SS among the people of
KZ and bring up patriotism effectively.
Resolution: The Government will rise the law competence in the sphere of knowledge and use of the constitutional rights.
Definitions:
Constitution – your general physical condition.
Rights – something that you morally or legally allow to do or have. The definitional source is Macmillan School Dictionary.
=>Thus
Constitutional rights- these are the rights connected with constitution. Or simply saying it is self permission for doing or behaving or living some way.
Here is the main idea of our case. If you are fat, bold and red – haired, as Chubise is, than you have completed right to be such and you shouldn’t pay attention at any one’s marks on it.
SQ: People contemplate and appreciate the World and themselves through the stereotypes, which are spread by mass media, and accepted by wide people rounds without filtration. Let’s use e a simple example- women’s beauty ideals.
Historical reference;
The miss America of 1921 had a height of 160 sm, and a weight of 70kg. and this woman thought that she was the most beautiful woman of America, and was very happy about it. Let’s imagine what would happen if she took part in such a competition nowadays. It would be a tragical end for her. she would be inspired that she is too fat. It would be a personal drama.
But a generally accepted attractive woman would have been laughed at as too high and thin one according to the tastes of that time.
So think over, wouldn’t it be better to stop appreciating yourself and the situation around you in accordance with typical stereotypes? Of course, it will make plenty of people much happier and healthier!
That’s why the results of some periodical research, which was done by foreign psychologists begin to worry the medical society of the whole planet. Every 3rd citizen of Great Britain suffers from paranoia. The reason is that people live without knowledge about themselves, development cultivation interior harmony, spiritual values, the most of their thinkings aimed to enrichment and material prosperity. So according to this information paranoiac syndrome is as wide-spread
As warring misbalances and depression. This are some results:
More than 40% people always worry that they’re badly spoken about.
27% say their surroundings specially try to irritate them.
20% think that they are spied.
10% are afraid of somebody’s vengeance.
5% consider that people agreed to harm them.
If the is even a minimal damage in blood circulation in the neck hemispheres’ activity, which lead to psychical problems.
Ways of solution
I meditation
1 to teach people to meditate. Secondary school/
2 campaign of propaganda. Senators will finish parliament conference meditating. Fashion. This way we can attract all the businessmen to this stream because fashion is always foisted on from above.
3 adopt the school’s gyms and city sport centers for teaching the grown-ups basic course of meditation.
4 to invite the specialists from yoga centers
II conception of different psycho-physical characters
1 to educate people in this sphere. This conception claims that if we change the psychics than as a result we have moderations in body constitution.
Resolution
Men and women can not and should not have equal rights.
Definitions:
Woman- female of Homo sapiens.
Man- male of Homo sapiens.
SQ
Woman was always considered as a part of a man, just as the most useful thing. Let us remember different civilizations and societies: India, china, middle Asia, Russia, medieval Europe, Japan, Indian America and so on… everywhere men decided everything, but decided in order to defend their own property, including wives. So man and woman lived together in full harmony like one creature: woman was making peace inside the family while the man was making the peace outside. But in the 19-20 centuries appeared feminism. Feminists tried to make woman’s and man’s rights equal. And they did it in many countries. Was it a progress or regress? We think it was a regress because:
ArgI
The God created men and women different, He gave them different opportunities(for example average man’s brain’s weight more than woman’s one on 100gr, but there is a bigger percent of grey matter in average female brain, and of course average man much more powerful than woman) and that’s why they have different duties in front of society and each other. As we know, rights should be proportional to responsibility and duties.
And, if opportunities are different and unequal then duties are to.
If duties are difficult and unequal then rights of man and woman can not be similar and equal.
ArgII
In ideal modern society and ideal modern family man and woman take important decisions together. One of such important decisions is decision whom to vote for. But people of each sexes have already decided it at home so we have two alike decisions in each family. That’s why woman don’t need to have heir own voice- her dear husband will vote for two people in one voice. So the whole situation will not change- the number of voting voices will become less in double.
ArgIII
According to sociologists’ experience the most active group of people are men between 20 and 45 years old. Of course more active men need in more rights than less active women.
Philosophy
Husband is a worker, wife is a mason- husband carries stones but wife builds.(Georgian proverb).
So a man who has a power supplies the family with material( financial, energetic et cetera) but only woman can really built a good family- foundation for state’s and society’s progress.
Resolution: “The government will improve the knowledge and using the constitutional rights of the population of Republic of Kazakhstan.”
Definition:
The violence to the women attitude in the family is any entail of violence, which was done of the sexual sign, which hurt physical or sexual or psychological detriment or anguishes to women and menaces of doing this entails, compulsion or arbitrary hardship of the freedom.
We lessen our case to women’s rights illiteracy.
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