Сборник трудов международной научной конференции молодых ученых

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The development of human resources is required for successful commercialization.

Training, exchange of experience, and targeted outsourcing of professional advice will play a

central role in creating a sustainable system of technology commercialization in Kazakhstan. In this

regard, it is necessary to encourage local experts to participate in various programs that improve

competence in the field of commercializing innovation and to visit foreign structures of

technologies for best practice in commercialization.

The transition of Kazakhstan’s innovation system from a model driven by the state to a

sustainable system driven by the private sector is necessary to reduce administrative barriers and tax

incentives, provide access to finance, create innovation clusters, develop the business environment,

and to create demand for innovation [3,4].

The reduction of administrative and technical barriers, together with improved access to

finance will contribute to the emergence of a large number of innovative companies.

The openness of the domestic markets will lead to an increased access to global knowledge

and technologies. In this case, the transfer of advanced knowledge and technologies could be

implemented through the creation of an enabling environment and incentive tools, including the

following important directions:

·

the involvement of foreign innovative companies of small- and medium-sized, and

the creation of joint ventures among these;

·

the maximum use and attraction of scientific potential from fellow scientists who are

successfully working in foreign research institutions; and

·

disclosure of foreign patents and licenses with the transfer of advanced technologies

to improve the competence of local specialists [5].

In order to better promote Kazakhstan’s high-technology products in international markets,

it is necessary to strengthen regular interaction among stakeholders (e.g. the export-oriented high-

technology and innovative enterprises and companies; joint-stock company “National Agency for

Technological Development”; JSC with their “Damu Entrepreneurship Development Fund”; and

JSC with their “National Agency for Export and Investment”).

Today, Kazakhstan functions under the principle of tax legislation unity, which provides a

single regime for all businesses, regardless of the innovative component of their products.

At the same time, innovative companies are in need of an unprecedented legal regime that

will minimize administrative barriers.

In order to develop possible administrative and tax incentives for innovation, the following

actions are needed:

·

explore the possibility of developing and implementing mechanisms for the

promotion of enterprises that work in the legal field; and

·

consider  the  desirability  of  introducing  a  special  tax  regime  to  facilitate  the

conditions for innovative enterprises during the first five years of development.

Financial inclusion remains a key limiting factor for the development of entrepreneurship in

Kazakhstan. This is due to the reluctance of the banking sector to finance risky and innovative

projects. In particular, these are projects, belonging to small- and medium-sized businesses, which,

in most cases, can provide only limited resources to secure a loan.

In our opinion, for these purposes, it is necessary to work through the following measures:

· increase the issuance of microcredits and small grants to promote pilot implementation of

capacities and entrepreneurial initiatives;

· develop financing of equity instruments and tools, aimed at financing the early stages of

development of the company; and

· develop corporate venture capital, by encouraging large companies, including foreign

companies, to acquire shares in the new innovative companies.

The creation of innovative clusters will increase the innovative activity of business entities,

as well as lead to the emergence of synergies. For example, form clusters of participating

companies, which are more likely to create new products than single enterprises. In this case, the

activity of enterprises within the cluster can overlap and complement each other. The formation of

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innovation clusters, simultaneously, promotes interchange between related industries and fierce

competition within industries.

When building an effective national innovation system, the attention should be focused

onimplementing measures that increase the demand for innovation. Most countries that are rapidly

developing their innovative systems do not succeed, due to poor demand for innovation.

As shown from international practice, central to the system of national innovation are

businesses with their own capacity for carrying out research and development that enables them to

innovate successfully.

Today, a weak demand is the key constraint to the promotion of innovation within the

country. The formation of demand for innovation should be provided by the state through

regulatory measures and incentives.

The activity of innovative infrastructure should focus on providing the necessary financial,

methodological, and information support at all stages of the innovation process. It should also create

and promote new developments that provide advanced scientific development, and introduce high-

technology industries. The main elements of the innovative infrastructure are: a special economic

zone, “Park of innovative technologies”; regional technical parks; venture capital funds; industrial

design offices; and international technology transfer centers.

By interacting with each other, these elements of innovative infrastructure will provide an

integrated system of support for innovation at all stages of implementation, and this will allow

companies to:

· maximize capture of innovative subjects with tools supported by the state;

· establish an effective system of commercialization and promotion of innovation, based on

national scientific research; and

· establish  a  system  of  transfer,  localization  and  distribution  of  the  necessary  foreign

technologies.

Integrative processes provide an opportunity for Kazakhstan to expand its markets and

increase its capacity for innovation. Competitive pressure creates a huge incentive for Kazakhstan

enterprises to innovate. To take full advantage of these opportunities, it is necessary to make

effective policy measures to support further modernization and diversification of the economy.

The questions regarding innovative processes, management improvement, and innovative

achievements are now becoming more relevant.

Literature:

1. Kurmanov, N., Yeleussov, A., Aliyev, U., & Tolysbayev, B. (2015). Developing Effective

Educationa Strategies in Kazakhstan. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(5), 54-61.

2. Yeleussov, A., Kurmanov, N., & Tolysbayev, B. (2015). Education quality assurance strategy in

Kazakhstan. Aktual'ni Problemy Ekonomiky= Actual Problems in Economics, (164), 142-150.

3. Koshanov, А. К. (2012). Industrial and innovative challenges of globalization and factors of a

high technology competitive national economy creation. ENU Messenger, 1, 6-16.

4. Radosevic, S., & Myrzakhmet, M. (2009). Between vision and reality: Promoting innovation

through technoparks in an emerging economy. Technovation, 29(10), 645-656.

5. Smirnova, Y. V. (2013). The Innovation Infrastructure of Kazakhstan: Why did the Innovation

“Boom” not Happen. Quality Innovation: Knowledge, Theory, and Practices: Knowledge, Theory, and

Practices, 322-339.