Сборник текстов на казахском, русском, английском языках для формирования навыков по видам речевой деятельности обучающихся уровней среднего образования

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  Medicine: Researchers are working to develop nanorobots to help diagnose and treat health problems. Medical nanorobots, also called nanobots, could someday be injected into a person bloodstream. In theory, the nanobots would find and destroy harmful substances, deliver medicines, and repair damage.
  
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  Sports: Nanotechnology has been incorporated in outdoor fabrics to add insulation from the cold without adding bulk. In sports equipment, nanotech metals in golf clubs make the clubs stronger yet lighter, allowing for greater speed. Tennis balls coated with nanoparticles protect the ball from air, allowing it to bounce far longer than the typical tennis ball.
  
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  Materials Science: Nanotechnology has led to coatings that make fabric stain proof and paper water resistant. A car bumper developed with nanotechnology is lighter yet a lot harder to dent than conventional bumpers. And nanoparticles added to surfaces and paints could someday make them resistant to bacteria or prevent dirt from sticking.
  
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  Electronics: The field of nano-electronics is working on miniaturizing and increasing the power of computer parts. If researchers could build wires or computer processing chips out of molecules, it could dramatically shrink the size of many electronics.
  

At its simplest, biotechnology is technology based on biology - biotechnology harnesses cellular and bimolecular processes to develop technologies and products that help improve our lives and the health of our planet. We have used the biological processes of microorganisms for more than 6,000 years to make useful food products, such as bread and cheese, and to preserve dairy products. Modern biotechnology provides breakthrough products and technologies to combat debilitating and rare diseases, reduce our environmental footprint, feed the hungry, and use less and cleaner energy, and have safer, cleaner and more efficient industrial manufacturing processes. Currently, there are more than 250 biotechnology health care products and vaccines available to patients, many for previously untreatable diseases. More than 13.3 million farmers around the world use agricultural biotechnology to increase yields, prevent damage from insects and pests and reduce farming's impact on the environment. And more than 50 biorefineries are being built across North America to test and refine technologies to produce biofuels and chemicals from renewable biomass, which can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Recent advances in biotechnology are helping us prepare for and meet society’s most pressing challenges. Here's how:

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  Reducing rates of infectious disease; Saving millions of children's lives;
  

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  Changing the odds of serious, life-threatening conditions affecting millions around the world;
  

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  Tailoring treatments to individuals to minimize health risks and side effects;
  
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  Creating more precise tools for disease detection; and
  
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  Combating serious illnesses and everyday threats confronting the developing
  

Fuel The World

Biotech uses biological processes such as fermentation and harnesses biocatalysts such as enzymes, yeast, and other microbes to become microscopic manufacturing plants. Biotech is helping to fuel the world by:

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  Streamlining the steps in chemical manufacturing processes by 80% or
  

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  Lowering the temperature for cleaning clothes and potentially saving $4.1 billion annually;
  

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  Improving manufacturing process efficiency to save 50% or more on operating costs;
  

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  Reducing use of and reliance on petrochemicals;
  
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  Using biofuels to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 52% or more;
  
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  Decreasing water usage and waste generation; and
  
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  Tapping into the full potential of traditional biomass waste products.
  

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  Generating higher crop yields with fewer inputs;
  
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  Lowering volumes of agricultural chemicals required by crops-limiting the run-off of these products into the environment;
  

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  Using biotech crops that need fewer applications of pesticides and that allow farmers to reduce tilling farmland;
  

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  Developing crops with enhanced nutrition profiles that solve vitamin and nutrient deficiencies;
  

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  Producing foods free of allergens and toxins such as myco toxin; and
  
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  Improving food and crop oil content to help improve cardiovascular health.
  

Genetics is probably one of the most exciting lessons in biology.

At the same time, it can be a bit confusing because sometimes it is difficult to

Genetics is the science of studying how living things pass on characteristics (or traits) and its variations in their cell make-up from one generation to the other.

Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms.^[1][2] It is generally considered a field of biology, but it intersects frequently with many of the life sciences and is strongly linked with the study of information systems.

In countries that have implemented a consistent mandatory meat inspection, this classical harvest food safety procedure and the more and more stringent rules for post-harvest food safety measures improving the hygiene standards during slaughter, meat processing, storage and distribution have led to a remarkable decline of meat related food-borne diseases in man. However, although meat inspection and food hygiene have been regarded as sufficient to guarantee safe meat over almost 100 years, new approaches to food safety and meat quality are becoming necessary.

The majority of the real and perceived reasons for the increased concerns with the safety and quality of meat apply to the pre-harvest area of the food production chain. Furthermore, it is true that the harvest food safety measures (inspection and removing carcasses unfit for human consumption from the food chain) is assuring the consumer's protection, but they do not prevent the major safety-related defects in the slaughter pig, i.e. they are only quality control at the end of the on-farm production phase. Industries with long experiences in growing competition initially used quality control to cope with increasing quality standards. The needs to produce and sell high quality products and increase the efficiency of the production process, however, have led to the development of quality assurance systems along production chains.
Quality control is the evaluation of a final product prior to its marketing, i.e. it is based on quality checks at the end of a production chain aiming at assigning the final product to quality categories such as "high quality", "regular quality", "low quality" and "non-marketable". Since, at the end of the production chain, there is no way to correct production failures or upgrade the quality of the final product, the low-quality products can only be sold at lower prices and the non-marketable products have to be discarded. Their production costs, however, had been as high as those of the high and regular quality products. Thus, quality control has only a limited potential to increase the quality and efficiency of a multi-step production procedure. Quality Assurance, in contrast to quality control, is the implementation of quality checks and procedures to immediately correct any failure and mistake that is able to reduce the quality of the interim products at every production step.
Technique on service of health of the person
Environmental health is targeted towards preventing disease and creating health-supportive environments. It includes the aspects of human health that are

For several decades the computer technology made tremendous breakthrough in the development! And nobody is surprised by house computers. And cell phones are not luxury, but need. Let's talk about influence of the modern technique on health of the person, especially on the child's organism. Knowledge will help not only correctly and efficiently use achievements of science, but also to keep health. And first of all today we are interested in a question about health of our children.

It is known for all, that the child’s staying at the computer is harmful for his/her health. However, not all parents know how the computer influences on the child. There are four major harmful factors: load of vision, the constrained pose, load of mentality and radiation.

Mobile phones

The invention of the mobile phone became one of the gifts of scientific and technical progress. Today scientists consider it as the most potent mass irritant since the invention of the TV. Are mobile phones so dangerous for our health or not? The British physicians claim that mobile phones accelerate reactions of a brain and if we abuse conversation by the mobile phone, it is possible to get a brain cancer.

Man and nature interact dialectically in such a way that, as society develops, man tends to become less dependent on nature directly, while indirectly his dependence grows. This is understandable. While he is getting to know more and more about nature, and on this basis transforming it, man's power over nature progressively increases, but in the same process, man comes into more and more extensive and profound contact with nature, bringing into the sphere of his activity growing quantities of matter, energy and information.

drinking less than three liters per day.^[3] For those working in a hot climate, up to 16 liters a day may be required.^[2]Water makes up about 60% of weight in men and 55% of weight in women.^[4] Infants are about 70% to 80% water while the elderly are around 45%.^[5]

Climate change skeptics often cite Berkley professor of physics Richard A. Muller's (1944-) past criticisms of the scientific consensus on anthropogenic climate change. In 2010, Muller founded the Berkeley Earth Surface Temperature Study to analyze climate data. In 2012, Muller recanted his skepticism over anthropogenic climate change, titling his op-ed in the New York Times "The Conversion of a Climate-Change Skeptic." Muller states that his work at Berkeley Earth provides the most convincing evidence to date that human activity over the last 250 years has altered Earth's climate. Muller notes that his findings go even further than the 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Assessment Report, which only attributed temperature rises since the mid-twentieth century as "very likely" due to human activity.

According to the IPPC and the vast majority of global leaders and climate experts, climate change driven by AGW will fundamentally impact the security, health, and global economy of nations for generations. Hundreds of millions of people and scores of societies, economies, and cultures are already threatened by

What is Green Chemistry?

The concept of greening chemistry is a relatively new idea which developed in the business and regulatory communities as a natural evolution of pollution prevention initiatives. In our efforts to improve crop protection, commercial products, and medicines, we also caused unintended harm to our planet and humans. By the mid-20th century, some of the long-term negative effects of these advancements could not be ignored. Pollution choked many of the world's waterways and acid rain deteriorated forest health. There were measurable holes in the earth's ozone. Some chemicals in common use were suspected of causing or directly linked to human cancer and other adverse human and environmental health outcomes. Many governments began to regulate the generation and disposal of industrial wastes and emissions. The United States formed the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1970, which was charged with protecting human and environmental health through setting and enforcing environmental regulations. Green chemistry takes the EPA's mandate a step further and creates a new reality for chemistry and engineering by asking chemists and engineers to design chemicals, chemical processes and commercial products in a way that, at the very least, avoids the creation of toxics and waste. Green Chemistry is not politics. Green Chemistry is not a public relations ploy. Green chemistry is not a pipe dream. We are able to develop chemical processes and earth-friendly products that will prevent pollution in the first place. Through the practice of green chemistry, we can create alternatives to hazardous substances we use as our source materials. We can design chemical processes that reduce waste and reduce demand on diminishing resources. We can employ processes that use smaller amounts of energy. We can do all of this and still maintain economic growth and opportunities while providing affordable products and services to a growing world population. This is a field open for innovation, new ideas, and revolutionary progress. This is the future of chemistry. This is green chemistry. To learn more, read the definition of green chemistry. Green Chemistry Definition Sustainable and green chemistry in very simple terms is just a different way of thinking about how chemistry and chemical engineering can be done. Over the years

Green chemistry, also called sustainable chemistry, is an area of chemistry and chemical engineering focused on the designing of products and processes that minimize the use and generation of hazardous substances.^[1] Whereas environmental chemistry focuses on the effects of polluting chemicals on nature, green chemistry