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Ethnic diversity as a factor of interethnic interaction
Kalmakhanova A.
Scientific supervisor: candidate of philosophical science,
assistant professor Bozhbanbayev B.М.
Almaty Academy of Economics and Statistics
E-mail:
kalmahanovaa@gmail.com
National dignity – is a measure of historical development and change of the identity of
each nation. The status of national dignity is an indicator of development reintegration processes,
multiculturalism, stability in the society. In other words, the right to national dignity does not
mean relations with the representative of another nation on the basis of feelings of national
superiority or national identity based on the ideals of national dignity, and through relations
based on its own national dignity, the same dignity of another person who has equal rights. The
people have a proverb "One who does not respect himself, cannot respect the other",
respectively, who do not have their dignity, can not see and respect the dignity of another person.
In general, in the Republic of Kazakhstan the manifestation of interethnic consent, stable inter-
ethnic relations based on equality of all cultures and ethnic groups are an indicator of high level
of respect for others ' national dignity. In this connection it should be noted that the role of the
state, which pursues an active policy of preserving harmony and stability in society: "it has
Become a tradition to devote every year the independence of the vital problems of the Kazakh
society. According to the Decrees of the President 1997, he was in Kazakhstan is declared as the
"Year of inter-ethnic consent and memory of victims of political repression"; 1998 - "Year of
peoples' unity and national history"; 1999 - "the Year of unity and succession of generations";
2000 - "Year of culture support"; 2001 - "10 years of independence and sovereignty of the
Republic of Kazakhstan" [1, p. 27]. The following years was declared the year of support of the
village.
The benefits of implementing the national ideology, strengthening the national spirit and
national dignity, first and foremost, the task of protecting national interests. Priority the
maintenance of national interests is based on national security. In a democracy, unlike a
totalitarian state (which is dominated by the interests of national security), the priority is given to
security of the person, which moves from object to subject of management. Safety emit on the
physical level, including the spiritual and cultural safety: "...the spiritual and cultural safety in
that specific perspective, which implies a focus on the man, it means security of the ethnic
identity of the individual and the community (communities) with which (whom) the person
identifies himself, and, therefore, the possibility of reproduction and development of culture, a
shared identity with the community (communities)" [ 2 page 13]. In any society there is a real
threat to the security of society in the socio-cultural sphere: "... i.e the threat of dysfunction in
social and cultural spheres of society:
• the decomposition of the spiritual and moral foundations of society;
• the emergence of value crisis in the society and that society has lost
previously achieved a level of civilization, cultural and spiritual values;
• the emergence and constant gain massive influence
foreign cultures and promote a foreign lifestyle;
• the drop in the quality of functions of the family institution" [3, p. 17].
Thus, national security is a complex
measures to ensure safety in various fields of human life (including the spiritual), society
and the state. National security policy needed to protect national interests. National interests
represent long-term interests of the ethnic group on the basis of community and cultural unity
protect their diverse interests, including different areas. We proceed from the following
definition: "... national interests embodied in the desire of the representatives of one nation to
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unite on the basis of common culture, i.e. language, family, religious, moral,
ethical traditions
and customs, on the basis of a common political system" [4, p. 4]. This is the first approach, in
our opinion, the most suitable for the Republic of Kazakhstan. "Another approach to the
definition of national interests can be formulated, based on these concepts of psychology as
"needs", i.e. vital needs, and interests, as needs in General, frustration which will lead to the
degradation or death of a person. Then, with respect to any nation, we can formulate the vital
interests and General interests for the future, the interests of the development. Finally, the third
approach to the characterization of national interests comes from the geographical principle. In
this case, the interests of the nation and a formulate on the basis of diminishing geographic
range" [5, p. 4]. The pursuit of national interests is necessary to ensure the country's security in
the complex, including spiritual, cultural, economic, environmental, political etc. safety. "A very
important aspect of national security is to maintain the satisfaction of citizens belonging to their
country and its international prestige" [6, C. 49]. In this regard, an important approach to
protecting the national interest is a policy of openness, constructive dialogue: "Dialogue in
politics -a delicate form of protection of their interests, an effective way of democratization,
diplomatic form expand its influence on the course of international events" [7, S]. This idea is
true and applicable not only in politics but also in the process of cultural interaction.
The progressive development of society depends on the level of his spirituality. We
adhere to the following definition: "Spirituality is the overcoming of the framework
narrowly empirical
being in the process of climbing to the highest ideals, values, meanings and
implementing them in life or, in other words, the process of life - individual and social" [8, p.
129]. In addition, spirituality can imply the consciousness of society, aimed at Humanities and
education, science and art. Since the accession of the Republic of Kazakhstan to market relations
become relevant issues of market reforms and economic development, while issues of spiritual
development receded into the background. But this question is relevant not only in Kazakhstan
but also in other countries of the world. Worldwide, since the mid-nineteenth century, all of
man's efforts were directed in the sphere of production through the development of new
technologies and equipment. The use of technical in production, and then in other spheres of
public life has changed the world and the Genesis of the individual, "exposing"
consciousness
,
leaving the place to the spiritual beginning. As a result, in the philosophical environment of the
study appear to be a crisis of consciousness of European culture. Extreme forms of expression of
disagreement with the lack of spirituality was the belief in the irreversible death of European
culture and overall civilization (O. Spengler in his work "decline of Europe" [9], Huntington in
his work "civilization clash" [10]). Thus, excessive rationality, a commitment to technological
revolution led to the crisis of European culture that led to the collapse and loss of spiritual
values. The development of technology caused the expansion of cultural space with the process
of a kind of appropriation of reproduction of cultural values. Thus, inevitably for European
culture raises the question of the revival of the spiritual foundations of society, otherwise, it will
inevitably move to obstructive, technocratic culture, which has no development prospects. This
process was partly typical for the Kazakh culture in the late XX - early XXI century. Therefore,
the formation of the national idea is necessary to take into account this important aspect.
Spirituality in the society necessary for preservation of self-sufficiency and uniqueness,
not to assimilate into the flow of the globalization influence, when there is a threat of takeover
by more numerous representatives of other cultures. Spirituality is concerned with the revival of
cultural values. The main components of culture are values, language, traditions and customs,
religion.
Language is the connecting link between the past and the future, which helps not to forget
the past, live in the present and think about the future. Using native language is cultural
appreciation. Language is the medium for the entire culture based on sign system. The specifics
of the Kazakh language said the philosopher Segizbaev O. A.: "the Language of Kazakh, at first
glance it seems simple and affordable. Kazakh says easily, and often rhymes, jokes and rhymes,