Қазақ мемлекеттік қыздар
педагогикалық университеті Хабаршы №3 (51), 2014 ж.
139
ТҮЙІНДЕМЕ
Солтанмұратова Г.М., аға оқытушы
Сәтімбекова С.А., аға оқытушы
(Алматы қ., Қазақ мемлекеттік қыздар педагогикалық университеті)
ШЕТЕЛ ТІЛІН ОҚЫТУДА ЗАМАНАУИ ӘДІСТЕР
Мақалада
қазіргі
таңдағы
шетел
тілдерінің
әдіс-тәсілдері
көрсетілген.
Коммуникативті сабақ түрлері, оны студенттерде қалыптастыру мен дамыту жолдарына
анықтама берілген. Оқытушылардың сабақ берудегі өзекті мәселелері көрсетілген.
Түйін сөздер: Университеттер, кейс методы, тіл портфолиосы, эссе жазу және
зерттеу жүргізу, топтық жұмыс.
РЕЗЮМЕ
Солтанмуратова Г.М., старший преподаватель
Сатимбекова С.А., старший преподаватель
(г.Алматы, Казахский государственный женский педагогический университет)
СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ МЕТОДЫ ОБУЧЕНИЯ ИНОСТРАННОМУ ЯЗЫКУ
В статье рассматриваются особенности преподавания английского языка в
современных условиях. Обучение иностранным языкам повышает мотивацию студентов.
Всеобщее обучение английскому языку является целью мирового образования, так как
английский язык – язык межнационального общения. В статье также освещены
определения и актуальные вопросы преподавания английского языка.
Ключевые слова: университеты, метод кейса, языковое портфолио, эссе и
исследовательская работа, командная работа.
UDC 37.031.2
RECOGNIZING DIVERGENT THINKING AT STUDENTS AS INDICATOR FOR
CREATIVITY
K.Zh. Tursynbayeva,
master of
pedagogical sciences, senior teacher
(сity Almaty, Kazakh State Women’s
Teacher Training University)
Abstract: Divergent thinking is an approach to a situation or concept which focuses on
exploring as many aspects of the concept as possible. Starting with a single idea, the divergent
thinker allows his\her mind to wander off in many different directions, gathering numerous
thoughts and ideas which relate to the concept. This approach can be used as a method of
creative brainstorming in a wide variety of settings, ranging from the research and development
department of a major company to the classroom.
Keywords: divergent thinking, brainstorming, creativity, stimulating, development,
multiple related ideas.
Divergent thinking is an idea of generation technique, such as brainstorming in which an
idea is followed in several directions to lead to one or more new
ideas
, which in turn lead to still
more ideas. In contrast to
convergent thinking
, which aims at solving a specific
problem
divergent thinking is creative, open-ended thinking aimed at generating fresh views and
novel
solutions.
Казахский государственный женский
педагогический университет Вестник №3(51), 2014 г.
140
Divergent thinking is essential for creativity. It is the ability to see lots of possible ways to
interpret a question and lots of possible answers to it. It is a thought process used to generate
creative ideas by exploring many possibilities. Instead of taking obvious steps and walking along
a straight line, one looks at different aspects of the situation, creating different results. Divergent
thinking is often used as a parallel of convergent thinking that follows a particular set of logical
steps to get one solution. All standardized tests stipulate this type of thinking.
With divergent thinking, people start out thinking about a single concept, and develop
many solutions and approaches to the concept. This contrasts with convergent thinking, in which
many ideas are brought together to a single focus, often by following a series of logical steps to
arrive at this focus. Divergent thinking is often associated with creative pursuits and the
humanities, which tend to encourage a more free-form method of thinking, but in fact, it can be
beneficial in the sciences as well, with the ability to think in a far-reaching and erratic way being
a useful skill when it comes to solving some scientific puzzles.
Divergent thinking is the process of generating multiple related ideas for a given topic or
solutions to a problem. Divergent thinking occurs in a spontaneous, free-flowing manner.
Convergent thinking, on the other hand, is the ability to apply rules to arrive at a single ‘correct’
solution to a problem. This process is systematic. The idea of divergent thinking became
important in the scientific study of creativity because many widely used tests for creativity are
measures of individual differences in divergent thinking ability. An example of a divergent
thinking question is:
«How many unusual and uncommon uses can you come up with for a brick and a knife» or
«How many uses can you make of a toothpick?». The number of different responses, or the
number of responses given by no one else, has traditionally provided a measure of how creative a
person is.
The goal of divergent thinking is to generate many different ideas about a topic in a short
period of time. It involves breaking a topic down into its various component parts in order to
gain insight about the various aspects of the topic. Divergent thinking typically occurs in a
spontaneous, free-flowing manner, such that the ideas are generated in a random, unorganized
fashion. Following divergent thinking, the ideas and information will be organized using
convergent thinking; i.e., putting the various ideas back together in some organized, structured
way. To begin brainstorming potential topics, it is often helpful to engage in self analysis and
topic analysis.
Techniques to stimulate divergent thinking are:
1. Brainstorming. Brainstorming is a technique which involves generating a list of ideas in
a creative, unstructured manner. The goal of brainstorming is to generate as many ideas as
possible in a short period of time. The key tool in brainstorming is using one idea to stimulate
other ideas. During the brainstorming process, all ideas are recorded, and no idea is disregarded
or criticized. After a long list of ideas is generated,a student can go back and review the ideas to
critique their value.
2. Mind or Subject Mapping. Mind or subject mapping involves putting brainstormed ideas
in the form of a visual map or picture that shows the relationships among these ideas. A student
starts with a central idea or topic, then draws branches off the main topic which represent
different parts or aspects of the main topic. This creates a visual image or «map» of the topic
which the writer can use to develop the topic further. For example, a topic may have four
different branches (sub-topics), and each of those four branches may have two branches of its
own (sub-topics of the sub-topic).
3. Keeping a Journal. Journals are an effective way to record ideas that one thinks of
spontaneously. By keeping a journal a student can create a collection of thoughts on various
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