2.3 Біртектіге келтірілетін дифференциалдық теңдеулер
Мұндай теңдеулерге түріндегі теңдеулер жатады.
1) Егер анықтауыш онда
алмастыруын енгіземіз, мұндағы және сандары- жүйесінің шешімдері.
Мысал. теңдеуін шеш.
Шешуі. ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Анықтауышты есептейік: .
Нөлге тең емес болғандықтан келесі жүйені шешеміз:
Ендеше алмастыруымыз түрінде болады, оны алғашқы теңдеуге қоямыз:
Айнымалыларды алмастырайық:
Жоғарғы теңдеуге қойсақ:
Айнымалыларды ажыратайық: ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Енді алғашқы функция у және айнымалы х-ке ораламыз:
Сонымен, өрнегі берілген теңдеудің жалпы интегралы болып табылады.
2) Егер алғашқы теңдеуде анықтауыш онда алмастыруын жасаймыз.
Мысал: теңдеуін шешу керек.
Шешуі: ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Анықтауышты есептейік:
Ендеше алмастыруын жасаймыз.
Бұл өрнекті алғашқы теңдеуге қоямыз:
Айнамалыларды ажыратайық: ![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAPMAAAApCAMAAADXje9EAAADAFBMVEUAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD8A/sOrAZrAAABAHRSTlP///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////8AU/cHJQAAAcRJREFUeJztmo2ugzAIheX9H9ots9hW+WkB2zl3kt0slxzgm5bhzV3W52mZ3cAE/ZmfIY4ZAIb2ESqQu2eYIb1uKdh/0BKYZ4L7y/Yzo+0XkRXmSafaX1b0C8w3vrVNM2y9NbKSg2XWht+VmsQMYcUNmsO8XeVJgzuirGUnQcmJXWHBxxnbMh77Prp8+7bSQvxNYssYziy0cQ1zf9ZI5nsiO5jfpwSEs5fD2zu/lIKqa+/DzAxpNmAHh6GHYfMg0wo2DVm6DyszrOKdlkOByHxB9gMg+1gKR6swA89cLHGNzM6CVCa2D+N1/iSsWqg+6j28Bp3lc8G2BYLsw878GQnMyoThuEdwpaDiqm1W5m0OclM0h/PLJ6Wg6ir7GPR3z0kPKycNZP4qZIJZGgy9C4FbDd/AtEsKn5iL8U4kG3zJxGZEl2Si7+26FtC/Dpew3/TnEVwk88E0iDkKWbVRzGk/HXydua89azo+RDADcNc5b+xXiP2mD0uWtKTE9R6XZxXUsajnQr7L805pKdg3t9HCFR19nE0VZctPMisObm6X1CX+lch0biNyzwzDJ8/6dGOsu36zyGFlXsNE3/9/K56hJzK/ABGKwkLeKp3XAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
Енді алғашқы функция у және айнымалы х-ке ораламыз:
Сөйтіп, берілген теңдеудің жалпы интегралын таптық.
Достарыңызбен бөлісу: |