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Investigation of big business innovation activity carried out in May 2010, Kazakh firms
and Economic School in cooperation with Kazakhstan Venture Company and Kazakh
Corporation of Nanotechnologies, fully supports these provisions. In a survey of 100 senior
representatives of large (with an annual turnover in excess of $ 100 million.) Companies
operating in Kazakhstan, a third of respondents (39%) said that their company in 2008-2010.
launched new products, they never previously unreleased. However, twice as likely to
innovations related to the introduction of innovative technologies and business processes (73%
and 66% respectively). Some of these companies claim to global leadership of their innovations:
respectively, 14%, 17% and 18% of respondents stated that they have introduced products,
technologies and business processes were innovative in the world. However, twice as likely
respondents admitted that these innovations were new only to their companies, ie. E., In fact, is
an adaptation and borrowing.
Level of innovation activity is strongly dependent on the characteristics of the companies
themselves. In particular, the probability of the introduction of new technologies and business
processes was significantly higher than in most large companies. Thus, the probability of
introduction of new technologies in the largest companies (with sales of over $ 1 billion. Per
year), all other things being equal to one-third higher than in companies with sales of $ 100
million. To $ 500 million. The probability of the introduction of new business processes in the
largest companies (with other things being equal) to 46% higher than in companies with sales of
$ 100-500 million.
Higher innovation activity of the largest companies is understandable when you consider
that most (almost 80%) of new products and technologies are developed and funded within
themselves implemented their companies. Only a small proportion of companies (20%) applied
for this to external contractors in Russia, and a few companies used foreign contractors. The
most common method of financing the development of new products (it said 87% of
respondents) - is the use of companies' own funds. Approximately every fifth company (18%)
used the funds RVC and only one in ten (10%) - foreign investment. Thus, the vast majority of
innovations developed within the companies themselves, with little or no involvement of
intellectual and financial resources from the outside. It seems that companies with revenues of $
1 billion a year more often introduce innovative products and technologies in large part because
that just large companies are more likely to afford to independently develop and finance
innovation. The question therefore is not that large Russian companies are more innovative in
nature, but the fact that smaller companies simply do not have the necessary resources. The lack
of developed capital markets, human capital and products in general weak infrastructure
innovation, and the importance of political ties give big business in Russia significant advantages
when it comes to innovation (including borrowing and adaptation) [1].
However, not all large companies are equally innovative. In 2008-2010. the share of
companies to introduce new products, including private companies was four times higher than
that of state-owned companies and a fully state-owned companies. Econometric analysis shows,
even taking into account the differences in size and industry sector of public and private
companies, private companies are introducing innovative new products for at least a half times
more likely than fully and partially state-owned. The probability of introduction of new
technologies in a fully state-owned companies, other things being equal 1.7 times lower than in
companies with partial state control. Moreover, state-owned companies and companies with state
participation, who participated in the study, in 2008-2010. do not introduce innovative products,
new to the global markets. Perhaps this result is in some measure due to the fact that Russia's
largest state-owned companies are mainly extractive industries. The proportion of input globally
innovative technologies among private companies in two times higher than that of fully and
partially state-owned companies [2].
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A key factor in innovation activity - is access to international markets. It is not surprising
that international companies are innovation significantly more active than the Russian. However,
it appears that the local companies that operate in international markets, introduce new
technologies and business processes no less than international, although significantly behind
international counterparts in the introduction of innovative products. Conversely, Russian
companies, which goes beyond the Russian market, several times more likely to introduce an
innovative global technology and global innovative business processes than their counterparts
operating only within the national market. It is necessary to draw a conclusion: in Kazakhstan
private property and global competition - still the main engines of innovation. In this case, the
innovation economy, knowledge economy, is already a reality for the United States and some
Western European countries that are in the top of the list of countries with the highest gross
domestic product (GDP) per capita. It is characterized by relatively high proportions of college
graduates in the labor force, computers, and numerous other indicators that leave no doubt that a
significant share of GDP is created at the expense of innovation component. So leadership in the
global economy and innovation are now virtually synonymous.
Anyone traveling to western Europe, just to visually detect virtually no industrial pipes, a
good environment, a high level of welfare. A significant proportion of industrial production,
particularly polluting long taken out to China and other countries in Southeast Asia, and high
technology have become familiar companions of life.
And what is really happening in our way to innovation economy? The state shall take
explicit steps to create centers of innovation activity, which in the future can become engines of
growth.
No real demand for high-tech industry prospects of economic restructuring in the
direction of innovation remains a big question. The basic condition of demand for high-tech
innovation from the industrial sector is the presence of competition. That it stimulates demand
for new technologies industry. Under conditions of strong competition regime innovative
products sold now, is the main weapon of the struggle for customers and markets, provides the
creation of conditions for its survival and prosperity.
Mega-projects - a targeted programs and efforts to reform the country's economy,
comprising a plurality of interconnected projects that share a common goal, resource allocation
and planned for their execution time. Usually in the implementation of mega-projects involving
several research and design institutes, as well as company-producers. As part of the performers
highlighted the parent organization. As an example, we present the mega-project "Development
and industrial development of catalysts and catalytic technologies for the production of motor
fuels."
Despite the objective difficulties, it appears that the innovation economy of Kazakhstan
has certain perspectives. They are largely due to the innovative potential of the Kazakh Academy
of Sciences. Actively contributing to its implementation, the industry can find additional sources
for the development and increase competitiveness in the local and international markets.
References
1. Victoria AD, Innovations in Higher Education: fashionable or increase the strategic
development path? The current state of higher education. // Innovations. - 2001. - № 1-2. p. 16-
19.
2. Goponenko N. Innovation and innovation policy in transition to a new technological
order. // Problems of Economics, 2003. - № 9.
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