Методические рекомендации по восполнению знаний обучающихся по учебным предметам 1-11 классов

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With this statistics
, someone who lives to 75 would spend nine years in front
of the television. Possibly, this devotion means simply that people enjoy TV and
make a conscious decision to watch it. But if that is the whole story, why do so many
people worry about how much they view? In surveys in 1992 and 1999, two out of
five adults and seven out of ten teenagers said they spent too much time watching
TV. Other surveys have consistently shown that
approximately
ten per cent of adults
call themselves TV addicts.
To study people’s reactions to TV, researchers have
conducted
laboratory ex-
periments in which they have monitored the brain waves, skin resistance or heart rate
of people watching television. To study behavior and emotion in the normal course of
life, as opposed to the artificial conditions of the laboratory, we have used the Expe-
rience Sampling Method (ESM). Participants carried a beeper*, and we signaled them
six to eight times a day, at random, over the period of a week; whenever they heard
the beep, they wrote down what they were doing and how they were feeling.
As one might expect, people who were watching TV when we beeped them re-
ported feeling relaxed and passive. The EEG studies similarly show less mental stim-
ulation, as measured by alpha brain-wave production, during viewing than during
reading.
What is more surprising is that the sense of relaxation ends when the set is
turned off, but the feelings of passivity and lowered alertness continue. Survey partic-
ipants commonly reflect that television has somehow absorbed or sucked out their
energy, leaving them
tired
. They say they have more difficulty concentrating after
viewing than before. In contrast, they rarely indicate such difficulty after reading. Af-
ter playing sports or engaging in hobbies, people report improvements in mood. After
watching TV, people's moods are about the same or worse than before.
Within moments of sitting or lying down and pushing the "power" button,
viewers report feeling more relaxed. Because the relaxation occurs quickly, people

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are conditioned to associate viewing with rest and lack of tension. The association is
positively reinforced because viewers remain relaxed throughout viewing.
Thus, the irony of TV: people watch a great deal longer than they plan to, even
though prolonged viewing is less rewarding. In our ESM studies the longer people sat
in front of the set, the less satisfaction they said they
received
from it. When sig-
naled, heavy viewers (those who consistently watch more than four hours a day)
tended to report on their ESM sheets that they enjoy TV less than light viewers did
(less than two hours a day). For some, a

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