№№5-12(95-102), мамыр-желтоқсан, май-декабрь, May-December, 2015 ISSN 2307-017X
Ġylymi zertteuler a̋lemì – Mir naučnyh issledovanij – World
of scientific research
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programs such as skype in order to make and receive video calls in which audio and video
is transmitted.
File sharing is an example of transferring large amounts of data across the Internet. A
computer file can be emailed to customers, colleagues and friends as an attachment. It can
be uploaded to a website for east download by others. It can be put into a «shared location»
or onto a file server for instant use by colleagues. Streaming media is the
real-time delivery
of digital media for the immediate consumption or enjoyment by end users. Many radio
and television broadcasters provide Internet feeds of their live audio and video
productions. They may also allow time-shift viewing or listening such as Preview, Classic
Clips and Listen Again features. These providers have been joined by a range of pure
Internet «broadcasters» who never had on-air licenses. This means that an Internet-
connected device, such as a computer or something more specific, can be used to access
on-line media in much the same way as was previously possible only with demand for
network bandwidth. For example, standard image quality needs 1 Mbit/s link speed for SD
480p, HD 720p quality requires 2.5 Mbit/s, and the top-of-the-line HDX quality needs 4.5
Mbit/s for 1080p.
Television.Television is a form of telecommunication that allows the transmission of
moving images. Televisions where commercially sold since the 1920s. The television is
probably the biggest source of news, entertainment and commercials. This is why the
television (TV) probably has the biggest role in mass media. In highly industrialized
countries the term «mass media» itself started in the 150s when the TV and radio had a key
role in political power. The very first broadcasts for mass audiences on TV started in
London in 1936. It was named British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC).
This was the very first high-definition public broadcasting service. That is why North
London is known as the birthplace of TV broadcasting. Nowadays TV broadcasting is a
very popular form of mass media. TVs can show channels of many kinds of corporations.
TVs can be monochrome (black and white) or colored. During the early years of television
was only available monochrome. Later, as a technology developed, the colored TV was
invented. The TVs broad reach makes it an attractive medium for advertisers.
A lot of television stations sell blocks of time to advertisers (sponsors)
in order to run
their programs. Cassettes, DVDs, Blue-ray discs where produced in the 1970s. This
resulted in the TV set being used to show recordings.
Radio.The radio is the transmission of audio through space as electromagnetic
waves. When one unit sends an electromagnetic wave, another unit picks it up and plays it
as sounds. The other unit makes the sound according to the am amplitude, frequency, and
phase and pulse width of the electromagnetic wave. We can use the radio to see sounds to
people around the world. Radio stations occupy frequencies and run their broadcasts on
that frequency. People can buy radio units and play those broadcasts.
There are two types of radios: AM and FM. FM radios send sound in a higher fidelity
than AM radios. Nowadays most radios have and option to change in between AMand FM
radio. The radio, like the TV, is a very popular medium for advertisers due to its broad
reach. Although each house might not have a radio, each car certainly will. This is why so
many people listen to the radio. They sit back in their cars and turn on the radio in hope
that it will play some good music. The radio sends its broadcasts to mass audiences. This is
what makes the radio a very popular form of mass media. The radio stations buy music and
play it. Like the TV, they also sell blocks of time for advertisers to run their commercials.
Newspapers and Magazines.Newspaper is form of media. They are scheduled
publications usually printed on inexpensive, low-grade paper callednewsprint. It contains
news, articles, advertising and comic strips. Newspapers usually are paid subscriptions and
advertisement. Subscription is a form of business where customer pays the subscription