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баяу құлдилады. Жан-жағына таңырқай қарады. Құдықтың қабырғасына айналдырыла
қойылған сөррелердегі ыдыс-аяқтар мен кітаптарды, портреттер мен көне теңіз
карталарын көрді. Осы заттардың бәрі Алисаға жоғары қарай жәймен жүзіп жатқандай
болды... Ол үйілген құрғақ жапырақтардң үстіне топ етіп түскенде барып оянады [3,16].
Another whole “mad tea party” part shortened to several sentences which might make reader
confuse about Alice`s words, because of the omission reader would not understand why Alice think
like that.
Fairy-tales appear to be a peculiar genre for translation. The problems translators encounter
while translating fairy tales are common translation difficulties in the first place and problems
connected with cultural differences in the second. Certain areas of a vocabulary of a language are
often culturally specific. These are then difficult to translate. Translators have to choose whether to
use “cultural translation” and replace such expressions by their equivalents in the target language,
or whether to choose “linguistic translation” and include certain explanatory notes into the
translation. [9,125]
There are several strategies in translating tales:
Is the collection or individual tale to be translated intended for child readers, adults or both?
When translating a selection of tales from an extensive collection, attention should be paid to the
selection as well as the translation of tales for the particular audience and age group the publisher
has in mind.
Careful consideration should also be given to which edition of the source text the translator
intends to use. The Grimm Brothers, for example, published a number of editions of their collected
tales, and publishers and narators have repackaged the tales in many guises in the German speaking
world since the early nineteenth century. Any translator of fairytales has to discuss with the editor
and publisher what kind of translation is to be undertaken: a free translation or retelling, perhaps
directed at a modern child audience, or a translation based closely on the source text [10,47].All the
more so, according to Khalyk G. Zh., behind the literary text translator`sresponsibilities are: to keep
source meaning, plot and try to keep author`s main idea; to pay attention to norms and rules of
target language; to transfer composition`s idea and literary aesthetic elements [11,5]. Especially, the
aim of literary translation is to familiarize non-native readers with masterpieces of source culture.
Here the guarantee of translator`s advancement is keeping literary features, save national coloring
and plot [11,6]. According to Reiss K. literary text is expressive text, foremost is the author.
Translation process of the text from one language into another has the diverse and ambiguous
character connected with a set of the components entering it.
When transfer of lexical units can be carried out, translator may do it: by means of
equivalents, i.e. direct compliances which aren't depending on a context; by means of analogs, i.e.
words of a synonymic row, the most corresponding to a context; by the descriptive translation, i.e.
free transfer of the semantic contents of the translated word or phrase. An interest in accuracy of
sense transfer often causes change of translated sentence structure according to standards of the
Kazakh language, i.e. to rearrange or even to replace separate words and expressions. What is, in
this case perhaps, solution to the eternal problem of adequacy. As syntactic structures of the Kazakh
and English languages considerably disperse, it is very difficult, and it is almost impossible to
transfer the original completely. Choosing this or that way of the translation, the translator besides
all other circumstances is guided also by that reason that in pure form any of ways in real translation
process works seldom: as a rule, the majority of difficult texts are translated with application of
various ways, however one of them is a leader and defines character of the relations between the
source and translated text.
Zalevskaya A., giving definition to literary text, defines it as dialogical complex which has
complicated and bound to cultural, linguistic, personal experience requirement. So, the translated
text might be taken as dialogical, if we consider the authors idea. If translators find this idea, the
text may be translated with the intention to express the same literal meaning, which should reach
non-native reader. Overall, as Kazakova T. A. position of the translators defined with their
experience, with target and oriented text [12,533]. Also, we need to mention Luriya A. R. words
166
about the way we accept an exact piece of literature. Literary text has several possible ways of
comprehending its idea. Reader may find some applicable phrases, attributive words and just look
through or find the hidden meaning. Ability to read and interpret the text of a translator depends on
his or her capability to think, which are linked with his or her personal life experience and
psychological storage of identity [13,373].
Scientists define each translation, including literature, as a reconstruction of the work created
in one language, means of other language. In that case the literary translation fluctuates between
two extreme principles: exact literally, but literary defective translation and literary full, but far
from the original, free translation.
The English fairy tales, taking a separate place in a genre of literary prose, cause huge
interest. Having their own distinctive features, they demand specific ways of transferring them into
another language. According to examples given above, in English fairytale transfer into Kazakh,
translators use mostly transliteration while translating personal names, geographic names, titles; and
descriptive translation when deal with cultural features. Also, in order to achieve adequate transfer,
structure of translated text and separate utterances become target oriented. Except plot of fairy tales,
which reflects English cultural notions, translators make their resultstarget culture oriented.
Examples above may prove as well impact of Russian language to Kazakh language.
The notions which are unfamiliar to Kazakh speaking audience are translated by use of
Russian language, in order to make them comprehensible. Using omission do not always have
positive effect, given above translation of “Alice in the Wonderland” do not lose its value but have
some weird moments. We think,strategies by Lathey G. are also applicable, translators should know
which source they are going to use, what is the age of audience, what kind of translation is to be
undertaken. We came to conclusion that literary text has several possible ways of comprehending
its idea, because it is dialogical complex which has complicated and bound to cultural, linguistic,
personal experience requirement. Overall the reconstruction of the work created in one language,
bound to several norms which must be kept during translation.
References:
1 Antonova N. A. Optimal techniqueof author tale translation. Innovational technologies of
forming linguistic, cognitive and socially effective competence in the foreign language teaching.
Materials of scientific practical conference. – Cheboksary: Chuvash, 2009. – p.27-30
2 Ismagulova A. Y. Author tales: peculiarities and problems of translation. –
VestnikKazNUSeriyaphilologiya. – № 2(148), 2014. – p. 216-219
3 Carrol L. Alice in the Wonderland. Editor: Baigabilova K., translator: Zhusip A. – A: Aruna
Ltd., 2014. – p.32
4 Antonova N. A. Equivalences in literary text: Family. Government. Society.-
M.:Cheboksary, 2009. – p. 19-20
5 Gurenko M. A. Some peculiarities of translation of English fairy-tales (R. Kipling “How the
Leopard Spots”) – Uniyucheniy №2, 2015. – p. 22-24
6 Toper P. Translation in the system of comparative literature.- M.: Naslediye, 2000. – p. 254
7 Wilde O. The Happy Prince and other Tales. – M.: Каrо, 2003. – 76 с.
8 Yegorova O. A. Traditional formulae as national cultural phenomenon: materials with
English and Russian folklore tales. Dissertation paper of candidate of cultural studies. – M.:RGB
OD, 2002 y. – p.120
9 Burbekova S. Zh. Literary translation as segment of literal process. Russian translations in
the history of Kazakh literature. – A.: VestnikKazNUSeriya “Philologicheskaya”. – № 1-2. – 2010.
– p.125-126
10 Lathey G. Translating Children`s Literature Translation Practices Explained. – Routledge,
2014. – p. 172
11 Khalyk G. ZhStep to literary translation Kazakhstan. – A.: Servis K, 2011. – p.87
13 Kazakova T. A. Literary translation. – SPb.: InYazizdat, 2006. – р. 530
14 Luriya A. R. Basic problems of neuro-linguistics. – М.:Nauka, 1975. - р. 373
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