124
UDC 81’1=111
KEMPERBAYEVA A.K., MATKARIMOVA D.A.
S. Amanzholov East-Kazakhstan State University, Ust-Kamenogorsk
NATIONAL – CULTURAL SPECIFICS OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS
REPRESENTING THE CONCEPT “WEATHER” (ON THE BASIS OF KAZAKH,
RUSSIAN, ENGLISH AND GERMAN LANGUAGES)
Five main priorities of “Kazakhstan’s third stage of modernisation” were set out by
NursultanNazarbayev, the President of Kazakhstan, in his annual address to the nation. The five
priorities are:acceleration of technological modernisation of the economy, improved business
environment, macroeconomic stability, improved quality of human capital and institutional reforms,
including improved security and more action to tackle corruption[1].
Gradual transition to trilingual education is one of the issues of the fourth priority. Studying a
foreign language a person enters a new national culture. Knowing phraseological units of the target
language is very essential, since they carry its national – cultural peculiarities.
Phraseological unitsarelexically indivisible language unitswitha stable structure, constant
lexical componentswhich represent a single integral meaning. They areintroduced into the speech as
a ready-made unit.
Since the ancient times people have tried to investigate our enigmatic planet and find the
language of Nature. This is obviously reflected on linguistic phenomena that were transmitted
through many generations.Weather is a universal concept which is of great value both for individual
and community. People could decode its signs, forecast and even describe people and objects
through natural phenomena. Thus, in course of time many expressions in various linguistic means,
namely phrases and idioms, proverbs and sayings were coined in the languages. Phraseological
units of the concept “weather” also have become an integral part of the language, and the range of
usage of such idioms is wide.
The Kazakh people had a nomadic way of life for centuries. That is why they were whole
with nature.. Due to this fact great number of phraseological units on topic weather can be found in
the language.
It seems to us, that wind had the greatest influence on the Kazakh people, since the majority
of idioms consist namely of this word. The Kazakh people differentiated different types of wind
using colours:
қоңыр (самал) жел (brown wind) - pleasant breeze,
қызылжел (red wind) - hot
wind,
қаражел (black wind) - cold wind. Wind is characterized by its speed, power and direction.
These qualities were reflected on language, and are used to describe people, animals and things:
жел жетпейтінmeansvery fast,
жел аяқ, жел саңлақ andжелқуықжылқыare used to denote
fast horses,
желдей зулады means to rush. Wind is treated as inspiration, giving people strength to
do something:
көңіліне жел берді, жел бітті mean to be inspired, to gather heart, cheer
up,
желкөңіл means high spirits with hope. Wind is also treated as a stimulus and cause of
something. For instance, “Желдауылдың шақырушысы”literally meanswind is a harbinger of the
storm,“Көлді жел қозғайды, ойды сөз қозғайды”- wind sets in motion the lake while the word
sets in motion the thought, “желтұрмаса, шөптіңбасықимылдамайды”means “there is no smoke
without fire”. The lexeme wind can be also used to talk about meaningless talk:
жел сөзverbiage,
chatter,and
aузы желдей еседіdenotes a chatterbox. The following idioms signify emotional state
of humans:
Желдей есті/Көңілі желдей есті – to exult,
жел бітті – to get excited. The lexeme
wind is also treated as difficulties, suffering:if people feel the pain, suffer they say
жауырынан
жел өтті, if not - “Бетін жел қақпады, маңдайын күн шалмады”.
The second mostly used lexeme is “Күн” (Sun). It can be explained by the fact that the sun
has a special figurative significance in the minds of the Kazakh people. They treat it as “creative
hero” that renews the Earth, reorganizes, adorns the world, and provides heat. The lexeme “күн”
signifies woman’s beauty. It can be seen from the following examples:
айдай аузы, күндей
көзі,
Ай мен күндей әлемге бірдей,
Бірі күн, бірі ай,күн шалмады.
Күн тимеген, жел