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and PUK, wish to oppose this force to a mode in Bagdad, to approach it to Turkey. Last wishes them to rec-
oncile more densely to incorporate in the Iraq state frameworks and to oppose to insurgents PUK who remain
the main enemy of Ankara.
Turkish chauvinism consists not only in official non-recognition of a problem of Kurds and Kurdistan,
but also in prohibition of departure of traditional ceremonies and customs. Many name a policy of Turkey
concerning Kurds simple, but a terrible word for all civilized mankind «ethnic cleanings». It is strange, for
what judge Milosevic and Hussein, for some reason escapes punishment to the Turkish government. … an
economic level of a life of the population in areas of residing of Kurds in 4–5 times below the average level,
the share of the unemployed is high, in some settlements there are no elementary conveniences.
The eco-
nomic policy of Turkey has no priorities for development of lagging behind areas of the country where lives
basically the Kurdish population [1].
In February, 1999 Turkish special services had been arrested the charismatic leader of the Workers'
party of Kurdistan (WPK) Abdulla Ogalan. At the moment its figure became a change in the speculative auc-
tion a Turk with Euro Parliament. Besides taking concessions on the Cyprian problem, on settlement of mu-
tual relations with Greece Ankara, knowing the quivering relation of Europeans to observance of human
rights, it is transparent has hinted that in case of the next refusal in the introduction into EU they execute
Ogalan.
Iran
In Iran Kurds also are deprived the right of national self-determination. Leaders and active workers of
the Kurdish oppositional organizations are pursued not only on territory of the country, but also behind its
limits. For example, murders of the leader of Democratic party of the Iranian Kurdistan have been made by
Abdurahman Kasemlo during official negotiations in Vienna in 1989 and successor Sharafa which has re-
placed it of Kandy in Berlin in 1994. According to dogmatic Islamic concepts, in a Muslim society there can
not be national distinctions, therefore the political rights of Kurds at a current situation cannot be realized in
Iran. Aspiring to suppress activity of own Kurdish opposition, the Iranian authorities make efforts for preser-
vation of certain balance of forces in region not to allow any country to achieve advantages in ethnographic
Kurdistan. Iran opposes any changes in political geography of region though is not inclined to interfere with
existence of «the released zone» in the Iranian Kurdistan as convenient base for counteraction to Iraq and
amplifying American influence in region.
Despite existing friction, the government of Iran participates in
periodic meetings with heads of Turkey and Syria for coordination and the coordination of positions and
joint efforts on a Kurdish question, basically not to admit a partition of Iran.
After wreck of shakh power a mode became more active in the basic two national political organiza-
tions. It is Democratic party of Iranian Kurdistan (DPIK) which was headed those years by known political
figure Abdurrahman Kasemlu (1930–1989), and also left «the Revolutionary organization of workers of
Kurdistan» (
К
omala). Besides, in the northwest of Iran other forces oppositional to an Islamic mode which to
some extent incorporated Kurds functioned also [2, 32].
Iraq
Not the best fate has comprehended ethnic Kurds and in Iraq. Traditional areas of residing of Kurds —
in the north of the country. Here influence of Bagdad is the least appreciable. However it did not prevent to
carry out to the government of Iraq to the policy here a violent Arabization and deportation from areas of
traditional residing for the purpose of change of national structure in these regions. The most notable
achievements in national struggle of Kurds take place in the Iraq Kurdistan. In Iraq the autonomy of Kurds is
officially proclaimed, and it is fixed in the constitution. After a failure of the Kuwait adventure of S.Hussein
who has come to the end in February, 1991 with serious defeat of the Iraq army, there were temporarily fa-
vorable conditions for carrying out under cover of the West of free, democratic elections on character in
Kurdish national parliament (basically of representatives DPK and PUK) and government formations in Er-
bile. It became actually the formation beginning in territory of Iraq of independent Kurdish state formation.
In coordination with the United Nations and Bagdad, the Kurdish autonomy occupies mainly territory of the
Kurdish independent area formed in 1974.
The Kurdish region has inherited completely destroyed economy though also the economy of all Iraq
was actually in a similar condition. According to the head of humanitarian mission of the United Nations
which have visited the country in March, 1991, that is right after the ends of war in the Gulf, «for a certain
time Iraq has appeared rejected in preindustrial an epoch» [2, 32].
Disorder of economy of Kurdish region became result not only wars in the Gulf and the revolt which
have followed its termination of Kurds and Shiits of Iraq in March-April, 1991, but also eight-year war with
Iran. The long-term armed struggle of Kurds should be reflected in state of the
economy for the national
rights and the real autonomy, developed still in the early sixties.
243
«Free Kurdistan» is the self-proclaimed national education within the limits of the Iraq Republic — has
begun the existence in the extremely difficult political and economic conditions. During suppression of
movement of Kurds for national self-determination and during war with Iran the Iraq armies have destroyed
in 80th years over four thousand cities and settlements, several thousand Kurds have been killed, ten thou-
sand are moved in other areas of the country, not including those who ran to the next Turkey, Iran or in other
states. Since second half 70th years for simplification of struggle with Kurdish peshmerga (fighters) the army
has cut down a considerable quantity of trees in large forests of the north of Iraq. Many water sources which
are giving rise to streams and the rivers, have been sealed up by ferro-concrete plates. During the Iran-Iraqi
war of 1980–1988 in all territory of the Iraq Kurdistan it is established over 20 million in mines. They were
put, mainly, nearby from border with Iran [2, 33].
These mines are considered as one of the main obstacles in a way of returning of Kurdish settlements to
a normal life. Dangerous land mines became a cause of death of several thousand local residents and physi-
cal inabilities of tens thousand able-bodied people. Because of mines in region it is not processed over half of
arable lands, the animal industries do not develop almost. By means of the international organizations, for
example the British charitable organization «the Consultative group on mine business», it is neutralised one
and a half million in minute Low rates of works on mine clearing of territory of Northern Iraq speak absence
at the Kurdish authorities of
the modern equipment and cards, minefields.
Syria
The two-million population of Kurds in Syria also feels on itself pressure of a national policy of dis-
crimination: half of Syrian Kurds have even no citizenship though were born and live in territory of Syria all
life. Such people are called as «foreigners».
Arabi-Kurdish cooperation in Syria lasted not for long. With coming to power of ultranationalist Ara-
bian party Baas in 1963 the period of discrimination of Kurds in many spheres of a life has begun. The pro-
gram of Baas formed in 1943, ignored the rights of the Kurdish people, called for violent assimilation of
Kurds and an Arabization of their territory.
Perhaps, it also has served one of the most serious reasons
which have induced Kurds to begin organized national-liberation struggle. In 1957 the Kurdish Democratic
Достарыңызбен бөлісу: