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2. Vasiliyeva T. K. Credit in playing form. "Knowledge is power" //
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№5.
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№4. - p. 39.
4. Lazarenko A. A. For teacher about extracurricular on Chemistry. - M.,
Education, 1981.
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№9. - p. 73.
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2. The program of "Spectrum" physical and chemical club
1) Explanatory note
The extracurricular work on Chemistry is an integral
part of the educational
work at school. It provides opportunities for all-round development of pupils,
deepening and increase of their knowledge, development of their interest and creative
approach to the study of Chemistry. Due to individual tasks pupils learn to work with
popular scientific science and reference books, to analyze the facts and hypotheses, to
systematize the gathered material, to represent it graphically, to speak in public. All
this serves as a preparation for further study in higher education.
The program of “Spectrum’ physical and chemical club is proposed
which
discovers the content of the integrated course on
Physics and Chemistry conducted
out-of-school hours for pupils of the 10-11
th
grades.: It consists of 43 hours (once a
month for 2 years) and aims at developing the leading ideas of physical and chemical
sciences and its individual aspects which are important in the cognitive, philosophical
and practical aspects: the dependence of physical and chemical properties of
substances on its structure and the material unity of organic and inorganic substances.
2) Academic content
The content of the program allows to develop the ideas contained in the basic
courses of Chemistry and Physics and supplement them with new one which
significantly increases the learning potential. The main teaching and educational
objectives of the course: 1. to broaden and deepen pupils’ knowledge on the main
issues of these sciences relying on independent obtaining of knowledge on the basis
of their school knowledge on Chemistry and Physics. 2. to improve skills to compare
according
to the exact material, to point out the essence, to set the cause-and-effect
linkage, to make generalizations, to express studied material coherently and
convincingly. 3. Discovery of humanistic role of natural sciences in the solution of
global problems that face mankind: environmental protection, rational use of natural
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resources and enrichment with energy resources. 4. to contribute to scientific outlook,
creative talent, ecological culture and humanistic features of personality.
The form of conducting class-meetings of the Club: During the first lessons the
Club members are introduced to the program proposed by the teachers and choose the
topics which they will prepare according
to the proposed plan, studying literature,
consulting with the teachers and parents and scientists, if possible. Pupils have to
prepare not only the factual material on the subject but also the questions and
calculative tasks for the Club members who, in their turn, have to
come to class
having refreshed the given theme. Pupils perform their work pointing literary sources
which later will be helpful for the other pupils. The need for the introduction of this
elective course is due to the fact that the matters of recycled content are becoming
more pressing due to the depletion of natural resources and urgent environmental and
energy problems.
The developed elective course aims at familiarizing pupils with these important
matters. After becoming familiar with the important matters of recycled content and
realizing the need for it, the pupils systematize previously acquired knowledge under
the guidance of a teacher, get a new information on energy and matter, its properties,
the laws of its existence and transformation, the methods of dividing mixtures and
identification of various substances, do practical work and get to know the reference
books. The course also helps to prepare for the UNT on Chemistry in such sections
as: “Enthalpy of formation”, “Rules of work in the laboratory”, “Laboratory
glassware and equipment”, “Safety precautions when working with materials”,
”Methods of objects’ research studied in Chemistry”, “The general principles of
chemical production. The industrial production of substances and environmental
protection”, “The main methods for the synthesis of macromolecular compounds”.
This course provides various forms of pupils’ organization: lectures, frontal talks,
seminars, the solution of calculative tasks, doing an experiment, an excursion, the
work
with reference books, preparation for reports and presentations in the
classroom.
3) Educational course schedule
Plan of circle work Content Hours 1. Introduction. Course objectives 1 2.
Matter. Substances. Properties of substances. Methods for identifying substances. 2 3.
Kinetic, potential and internal energy. 1 4. Weight is a form of energy. Einstein's
equation. Law of energy conservation. 1 5. Exo- and endothermic processes.
Recycled content and energy costs. 2 6. Homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures.
Methods of mixtures separation. Seminar. 2 7. Practical works. Accident prevention
regulation 3 8. Excursion to the laboratory.1 9. Marking of plastic products. 1 10.
Conclusion 1 6). Organization of preparation for the academic competition on
Chemistry.
