Қазақ
мемлекеттік қыздар
педагогикалық университеті Хабаршы №3 (51), 2014 ж.
147
SUMMARY
Tursymbaeva K.K., Almagambetovа B.A.,
Kazakh language teachers
(city Zhezkazgan, comprehensive school №13)
WAYS OF TEACHING THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE AT RUSSIAN SCHOOLS
The article deals with the ways of developing students’ speaking and writing skills at the
lessons of the Kazakh language. At schools with non-Russian language training focuses on types
of working on the text. Phonetic exercises are designed and described in order to improve the
skills of pronunciation of specific sounds of the Kazakh language. The proposed methods and
forms are recommended for use in the classroom, as well as extra-curricular activities for the
development of oral communication skills.
Keywords: subject competence, formation, speaking, post reading, search.
UDC 372.65
CONSTRUCTIVELY USING OF TEXTS IN THE CLASS
A.A. Umirbekova,
teacher
(Almaty city,Kazakh National Technical
University named after K.I.Satbaev)
Annotation:
This article deals constructively using of texts in the class. It also
considered positive ways of using multiple meanings of the texts.
Keywords:
handbook, multiple, fleeting, conversations, performances, pedagogical
approach.
What images come to mind when you think of students using texts in classrooms? Do
you picture students sitting at desks or in small groups, reading published texts such as basal
readers or textbooks? Such images reflect traditional pedagogies that have been common in
classrooms for generations. However, today many other types of text are being used in
classrooms in different ways for a variety of purposes. For example, you could picture
students working in collaborative groups, searching through trade books or on the Internet for
answers
to their research questions, or discussing a self-selected book in a peer-led book club.
We have not included all the citations that we drew on for our review. Readers can
access the full reference list by consulting the handbook chapter.) We have not, however,
written a conclusion about what we see as the implications of our findings for practice.
Instead, we hope to begin an online dialogue by posing some initial questions and inviting
readers to respond to them, also adding their own questions and comments and responding to
those of other readers. Readers can participate in the dialogue by joining the discussion thread
in ROL’s Online.
To analyze what counts as text in classrooms for the handbook chapter, we reviewed
studies that represent multiple theoretical perspectives. This provided a broad view of text,
similar to Bloome and Egan-Robertson’s (1993) which can be summarized as «organized
networks [of meaning] that people generate or use to make meaning either for themselves or
for others»
. Texts can be formalized and permanent, such as books, magazines, and other
printed material sold as commodities. Or they can be informal and fleeting, such as lists and
notes that are scribbled down and thrown away once they have served their purpose.
Казахский государственный женский
педагогический университет Вестник №3(51), 2014 г.
148
Conversations and performances are also texts that may be fleeting unless they are written
down, recorded by audio or video devices, or passed on orally to other people.
How Are Texts Used in Classrooms?
The answer to this question is, of course, «It depends». Teachers, students, classroom
contexts, and personal and institutional histories are unique. Thus, different kinds of texts are
used in different ways in different classrooms. Uses of texts depend on differences in
pedagogical approach and purpose; subject area; grade level; academic track or reading-group
level; systems of assessment and accountability; content and pedagogical knowledge of
teachers; teachers’ and students’ beliefs about knowledge, the appropriate uses of literacy, and
the purpose of schooling; teachers’ and students’ past school, home, and community
experiences; and their cultural and linguistic backgrounds. Although each of these variables is
critical in shaping how text is defined and used in classrooms.
We recognize that these pedagogical approaches are neither the only possible
approaches nor pure categories. Although one approach will usually predominate in a
classroom, elements of others may be adapted to fit within any given approach. For example,
explicit
minilessons designed to
transmit information or skills may be quite common in
participatory classrooms. Although we do not want to present any one approach as the “best”
way, we do see participatory approaches as taking a broad view of text and fostering
constructivist or social-constructivist approaches to learning, which are beneficial for diverse
groups of students in our increasingly technological and information-based world. You are
probably familiar with a variety of transmission models from your own schooling experiences
– they were, and continue to be, the dominant pedagogical approach to teaching reading and
subject area knowledge .The role of both text and teacher in this approach is to transmit a
large body of authorized, «official» knowledge and discrete skills to students who, although
often differentiated by ability, are otherwise thought of in generic terms, without attention to
race, ethnicity, class, or gender
. Instruction tends to be teacher centered – that is,
the teacher is
active and in control while engaged in activities such as lecturing, explaining, asking
questions, demonstrating, giving assignments or instructions, monitoring behavior, providing
feedback, and assessing students’ learning. Student participation consists of listening,
responding, reading aloud or silently, working alone on independent seatwork, and taking
tests.For elementary reading instruction, basal reading series are usually the primary, official
texts, although many teachers supplement instruction with trade books. In response to
criticisms from a number of reading researchers .
Basal series have shifted in recent years
from a focus on the drill and practice of discrete, sequenced reading skills to the teaching of
context-based decoding and comprehension strategies and the eliciting of reader response . In
making this shift, basal authors have provided teachers with pedagogical recommendations
that are said to be less directive and prescriptive than those included in earlier series. Basal
series have also moved away from contrived stories with controlled vocabulary to the
inclusion of texts from published children’s literature. As a result, many of the new bases
represent an elementary school anthology of literature from which teachers can draw, and
they make extensive recommendations for the development of thematic units using diverse
works of literature.For subject area instruction, the textbook is the dominant form of official
text within the transmission approach at both the elementary and secondary levels , with a
class set of a single textbook as the main source of reading material. Yet, the textbook appears
to be used more by teachers than by students . Many teachers rely on textbooks and their
accompanying curriculum guides to structure content, organize lessons, and provide
suggestions and materials for teaching and assessment. This sort of reliance on the textbook