Bulletin «Филология ғылымдары» сериясы

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Вестник КазНПУ им. Абая, серия «Филологические науки», №4(62) 2017 г.
138
Nadim criticizes the negative aspects and hypocritical people and exposes lying and truckler persons in his
poems. S.A. Shirvani liked him and appreciated Huseyn Nadim's creative activity. Hussein Nadim
Nakhchivani is known as lyrical and satirical poet in the research by Rasim Naghiyev [3, p. 3].
In the article is also emphasized Nadim`s friendship with Jalil Mammadguluzade and Mammad Said
Ordubadi. It shows that these powerful writers favored Hussein Nadim’s creativity and therefore they made
friends with him.
Nadim Nakhchivani was known as lyrical and satirical poet. Criticism of some hypocrites and social
groups contrary to the people has a special place in Hussein Nadim’s creativity. Along with maintaining of
national character as a tendency of development of XIX century literary language, he worked hard on rich
lexical genres of classical poetry, national morphology and versatile syntax and made special efforts to
multiply language features for speech in folk poetry genres. By the way it should be noted that Nadim was a
religious poet as his contemporaries and predecessors, and wrote most of his poems in religious themes.
However as his predecessors Gudsi and Fagir, he did not compromise the hypocritical clerics who used
Islamic laws to benefit and sharply criticized them in his satirical works.
There are 2 satires written against such clergyman among the poet’s literary heritage. Clergy exploiting
the people’s wealth are criticized in these satires.
Hussein Nadim Nakhchivani has also some critical-realistic poems. In these poems he criticized
charlatans cheating the people on pricing, measure and weight:
Ruzi-hәşr olunca Şimri-bihәyayә lә`nәt olsun!
Hәr qәrinә, hәr zәmanda әşqiyayә lә`nәt olsun! [1, p. 20].
As the day of judgement happens, let impudent Shimr damn!
Damn the impudent in all times and ages! [1, p. 20].
In Surah al-Mutaffifin of Holy Koran is said: “Vәylun-lil-mutәfәffifin-Әllәzinә-iz-әktәlu-әlәnnasi-
yәstәfun-Vә-izә-kәluhum-әvvәzәnuhum-yuxsirun”. Woe to those that deal in fraud. Those who, when they
have to receive by measure from men, exact full measure. But when they have to give by measure or weight
to men, give less than due.
Hussein Nadim, a powerful devout person, cannot accept the hypocritical people who oppose Islamic
laws and for this reason poems in this theme are reflected in his creativity. Although the poet was a great
poet of the Ahl al-Bayt, he as prominent writers and poets J.Mammadguluzade and M.A. Sabir addressed
some of his poems to bilkers who bleed people white, take people`s wealth anddo not fear the Hereafter. In
turn, they complained about the poet who excoriated their dirty souls. Therefore, the governor of Iravan city
arrested the poet. After a while, the poet was released from prison and took a decision to travel for removing
thoughts. He traveled to Derbend, Khazakh, Ganja and visited Imam Rza Mausoleum in Mashad city, graves
of Movlana Fuzuli and Imam Hussein, Abulfazl Abbas and other martyrs in Baghdad and Karbala.
Generally, the time of Hussein Nadim was trial period for Azerbaijani literature, and these masters passed
this period successfully. Hussein Nadim Nakhchivani was one of those who received excellent marks on the
“history exam”. He did his best in the development of literature reflecting the history of people with artistic
forms and expressed the history of Islam highlighting the spirituality of the Azerbaijani people, at the same
time the painful ways of the people, economic and social difficulties in his literary heritage by various
genres, themes and rhythms.
Undoubtedly, if the majority of his works were not missing during a period called "Repression" in 1937-
1938, the poet`s literary heritage would be richer than now.
But it does not matter. A rose attracts everyone, not with its less or greater number, but with its
intoxicating fragrance and beauty in a good sense. One poem by the poet is enough to make his power
known to everyone. Hussein Nadim was a very powerful master and as mentioned above it manifests itself
by beautiful
fragrance
in his works.
In his poems Huseyn Nadim depicts the creative and artistic reflection of life events in accordance with
classical traditions, does not invent anything. The content of his works is on this idea. There is no
imagination in his creativity, everything is real and true. His works are all of life events, images are alive,
scenes are natural and believable, and everything is based on facts and arguments. In a word poet's literary
heritage is a historical work that the reader can find most of what he wants.
It should be noted that, as mentioned above Hussein Nadim benefited from his predecessors. Thus, this

Абай атындағы ҚазҰПУ-нің Хабаршысы, «Филология ғылымдары» сериясы №4(62) 2017 ж.
139
factor manifests itself in his some works. [4. р. 155].
Nadim was amazed Fuzuli`s creativity. During the visit to Karbala the ghazal written by him in front of
Fuzuli’s tomb is an obvious example for it:
Füzuli, dur әyağә, qәmә giriftarәm, ağlaram,
Dәstgirәm sәnüntәk ruzgardә, xarәm, ağlaram.
Qәbrün üstә baş әydim, qüssәdәn qanla dolub könlüm,
Solub gülistandә güllәrim, sәntәk zarәm, ağlaram.
Cismi- pakun xak olubdur türbәti-Kәrbübәladә,
Lal oldı dilim, yox bir sözüm, әzadarәm, ağlaram.
Eşq eylәyübdi dәrbәdәr bimunisü yar Nadimi,
Kәhrәba kimi soldı gül yüzüm, biyarәm, ağlaram [1, p. 12-13].
Fuzuli, stand up, I’m sad, I’m weeping,
I’m a prisoner like you, I’ve disgraced myself, I’m weeping.
I bowed my head to your grave; my heart is bleeding with grief
My flowers have faded in the flower-garden, I’m a moan like you, I’m weeping
Your clean body has turned into the sail in the tomb of Karbala,
I became dumb, the words fail me, I’m sad, I’m weeping.
Love has made friendless Nadim wander
My flower like face faded and became yellow as an amber, I’m friendless, I’m weeping
(literal translation)
Hussein Nadim was also influenced by Khan gizi Natavan, Abulhasan Raji, and M.A. Sabir.
Result
. Content and motives of Nadim`s literary heritage, as a poet chanting fairness, were devoted
Almighty Allah, his Prophet, Holy Koran, favorites of Allah – Hazrat Mahammad`s (s.a.a.) undefiled Ahl-
Beyt, people following the way of Allah, living on “Siratul-mustagim”, Devil and those who follow him, his
servants, charlatans, executioners, killers, scoundrels, carnivores chosen ruthlessness as a profession.
References:
1

Hussein Nadim Nakhcivani. Divan. Baku-ISBN-2012. The author of vocabulary and definitions, foreword: Haji
Mustafa Mailoglu. – Р.718.
2

Vugar Ahmad “Literary studies” “Textbook for students of Philology faculty” Azerbaijan Teachers Institute,
Ministry of Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan “Muallim”. – Baku, 2008. – Р.167.
3

Rasim Taghiyev “Beating Heart in Unopened Pages” “Azerbaijan muallimi” newspaper. On November 7, 1974. – Р.3.
4

Classic Azerbaijan Literature Library. Volume VII. – Baku: “Elm”, 1988. – Р.557.
C.Ахмедова
1
1
Әзірбайжан Ұлттық Ғылым Академиясы М.Физули ат. Қолжазбалар институты,
Баку, Әзірбайжан

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