Bulletin «Филология ғылымдары» сериясы

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Вестник КазНПУ им. Абая, серия «Филологические науки», №4(62) 2017 г.
218
parts of the work the author noted in which conditions the poets had died. So, this is one of the facts showing
us how accurately Dowlatabadi approached his work as a scholar-literary critic. For example:
“In short, as a result of his much accuracy to his own work, he infected with tuberculosis, in 1223 Hijri
died in Teheran and buried in Najaf” [2, 244];
During his pilgrimage to Mekka in 917 Hijri he was murdered with his son [2, 146];
Ahmad Tassuchi was murdered during Ottomans’ attack to Iraq in 1258 Hijri [2, 148].
Information about other pursuits, skills or interests of the poets given in the tezkire is also significant. For
example:
Jafar Tabrizi used to live somehow working as a cobbler [2, 287];
Khavari Kurdashti was a doctor like his father [2, 99];
Mail Afshar Nasiraddin used to work in the ministry of foreign affairs during the shah’s period [2, 132];
Bayani Tabrizi used to sew leather coats [2, 252].
One of the advantages of the work is that Dowlatabadi gave information about the geographical situation,
history and historical monuments of each territory. This is one of the very estimate features by the scholar.
M.Deyhim, a contemporary tezkire scholar, author of the comprehensive work in 4 volumes “Shuarayi-
Azerbaijan” followed the same principle in his tezkire, too.
Differing from other works with the analogical contents, in his tezkire Aziz Dowlatabadi gave detailed
information about the poets’ lives and at the end presented literary sources. The innovation which is
observed for the first time in the contemporary tezkires not only brings distinctive features to the classical
tradition, but also ensures the accuracy of the given information. M.Deyhim also used a literary source after
giving detailed information about each poet. By the way, the author tried to show the used literary sources as
much as possible. For example:
[2, 7] deceased Tarbiyat wrote giving an example from the tezkire “Hasht behisht”;
[2, 7] In his work “Safatus-safa” Ibn Bazzaz writes;
According to the author of “Arafatul-ashiqin” [2, 20].
Though Mahammadali Tarbiyat used hundreds of sources while writing his tezkire “Danishmandi-
Azerbaijan”, he tried to show sources in the texts.
One of the preferences of the tezkire is that the author gave the list of the poets’ works and libraries they
were preserved in. While giving information about each poet he also showed the names of world libraries in
which their manuscript copies were preserved and he noted the preservation units of those manuscripts, too. For
example, in the information about Khavari Kuzakunani were given the preservation units of the manuscript
copies and the names of the libraries where the manuscript copies of the poet’s works have been preserved.
Speaking about the characteristics of the tezkire “Sukhanvarani-Azerbaijan” it is important to note that
the author gave not only the biographic information about each poet, but also didn’t forget to notice of the
negative features of their creativity, approaching objectively to those poets’ activities. For example, Tazriqi
Ardabili wrote insipid verses [2, 11].
Though Shah Tahmasib I’s son wrote Shah Ismail II had been cruel and oppressor, but at the same time
he noted that Shah Ismail II was very sensitive and naturally poet [2, 56].
Such considerations are also observed in the tezkires by Mujtahidzadeh and Navvab. Consisting of
common and similar peculiarities of the contemporary tezkires and works with the analogical topic of the
19
th
century, this feature is also reflected in M.Dihim’s tezkire. For example: Basing on Hijabi Ardabili’s
verses M.Deyhim writes that he was sweet mouthed.
For the comparison it is important to note that in Mahammadali Tarbiyat’s tezkire “Danishmandani-
Azerbaijan” are observed similar evaluations.
The compiler of the book expressed his opinion about poets’ works. So, while writing about Sharif
Tabrizi he noted that Tabrizi was one of the most talented poets of his period, at the same time emphasized
his special talent in telling libel.
Being a successful successor of the tradition of tezkire, the author also achieved to discover some
mistakes appeared in the literary sources during his comprehensive research. So, in the introduction of the
work titled “Mistakes of tezkire writers” the author noted that the existed mistakes had been amended as far
as possible. Besides, he also corrected the mistakes which he met in the information about poets and this is
also an estimable fact. The author notes that Adil Sefevi’s birth and death dates in the work “Silsilatul-
nesebi-Sefeviyye” are incorrect; Herman Ete’s opinion about Mahvi Ardabili is not correct according to the
facts; some poets’ verses have not been noted correctly and etc.
Another significance of the tezkire is that here is noted on what occasion these verses were written of,

Абай атындағы ҚазҰПУ-нің Хабаршысы, «Филология ғылымдары» сериясы №4(62) 2017 ж.
219
besides their relation to any historical events are also given. For example, Sadaddin Varaveyni’s qeside given
in this tezkire was written when he translated Tabari’s “Marzbannameh” into Persian and presented it to
Khaja Rabibaddin; Fazli Shabbustari wrote his “Sahaful-suqat” poem on the occasion of Shirvanshah
Abdulmuzaffar Sheikhshah’s visit to Azerbaijan in 927/1520 year; a mesnevi written by Salik Tabrizi
associated with cholera spread in Tabriz during 1238-1822 years etc.
Besides, Aziz Dowlatabadi gave the names of the famous men of science and political figures who were
the contemporaries of those poets and this fact is considered one of the advantages of the work. So, such
information given in the tezkire helps to elucidate the general view about the period, literary, political
environment of the poets they lived. For example:
Sharaf Tabrizi Soltan Mazaddin Abulfath Uveys Jalairini was one of the palace poets and contemporary
of Salman Savaji [2, 412].
Saidi Tabrizi was Humam Tabrizi’s contemporary and interlocutor [2, 405].
Analyzing the tezkire we find another characteristic which shows that while giving the biographic
information about poets, Aziz Dowlatabadi didn’t characterize them only as poets, but also evaluated their
positions in the political and social arenas. So, the author elucidated Mirza Rza Khan Urfauddovla’s social
life, position taken in the political arena whose penname is Danish; presented Shah Ismail Khatai both as a
poet and a leader of the great Safavid Dynasty. For example:
(Soltan Heydar I Shah Ismail’s son was a head of the Safavid Dynasty) [2, 22].
(During 30 years he ruled significant state affairs interior of the country and abroad. While he was
working at the Embassy of Petersburg, he was given a pseudonym “Urfauldovla” in 1313/1895) [2, 357].
In his tezkire Aziz Dowlatabadi preferred to the activities of the poets from Tabriz. He paid special atten-
tion to the 394 poets, who were born and grew in this city. Some of them were born in other regions (Danish
Tabrizi was born in Shiraz), but later moved to Tabriz or on the contrary, there were some poets born in
Tabriz, placed in other cities (Khazin Tabrizi lived in Isfahan). This fact shows that the author protectted the
works of those poets from razing of history’s memory and preserved them for the future generation.
In comparison with the contemporary tezkires, the biographical information about poets in Aziz
Dowlatabadi’s tezkire is given more detailed. So, he didn’t use only the old sources, using also foreign his-
torians and orientalists’ works at the same time, he presented readers comprehensive information. The scho-
lar addressed the well-known researchers’, like Edward Brown, Herman Ete, Minorsky and others’ works.
Summarizing all the opinions mentioned above on Aziz Dowlatabadi’s “Sukhanvarani-Azerbaijan”
tezkire, it is important to tell that the work could be helpful in studying the history of the Azerbaijani
literature and elucidating some obscure and confused problems. We hope that the tezkire “Sukhanvarani-
Azerbaijan” will help to study the lives and activities of the classical poets, as well to get popular the
relatively contemporary poets.
References:
1

Nahmatova K. Mahammad Tarbiyat and “Danishmandani-Azerbayjan”. – Baku, 2012. – 57 p.
2

Dovletabadi A. Soxenverani-Azerbaijan. – Tabriz, 1379. – 391 p.
3

Alizadeh L. The Classical Azerbaijan poetry and methods of the allegorical expression // Вестник КазНПУ
имени Абая. Серия Филологические науки. – №3(57). – 2016.– С.101-105.

Ж.С. Шукюрова
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