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country reached 19% of the economically active population. Recall that the mass exodus of
entrepreneurs in the informal sector occurred in the first half of 2013 - when their number was
reduced to the level of 2007. This negative trend is regarded as one of the reasons that influenced
the economic slowdown.
Let's see what the state is taking to involve the "shadow businesses" in the formal
economy.
In 2014, the rates of insurance premiums for individual entrepreneurs reduced and, most
importantly, are tied to the amount of income. This initiative, according to preliminary estimates,
may return to the ranks of the taxpayers hundreds of thousands of entrepreneurs. It is assumed
that it would alleviate the financial burden for the 20% of the registered IP.
Something is done to optimize the procedures for registering a new business, as well as to
limit the number of inspections of small businesses. The Tax Code provides several special tax
regimes.
It is worth mentioning and other measures of state support. For SMEs access to public
procurement is open: state and municipal customers are obliged to place at least 15% of orders in
small businesses. By 2015 it is planned to increase this figure to 18%, and in 2018 - up to 25%.
Removal of restrictions on the list of goods, works and services, the initial contract price
increased to 20 million.
Since 2009, SMEs are allowed to privatize the premises are leased, substantially
corrected in favor of the so-called business law on small-scale privatization. As a result, tens of
thousands of SMEs have acquired ownership of the leased premises.
Unfortunately, from time to time to support SMEs State advances one step forward and
two steps back. For example, the effect of the law on small-scale privatization and advantages of
the simplified tax system actually reduced to zero with the introduction of a tax on real estate.
On activities of state support of small and medium-sized enterprises in 2014, the budget
provides more than 21.5 billion tenge, an increase of 1.5 billion compared to last year. We are
talking about subsidies, which are distributed across regions in proportion to the relative weight
of SMEs. Last year, the allocation of funds in the regions the focus was shifted from direct
financing of enterprises to support infrastructure (warranty and microfinance funds, business
incubators and industrial parks). Ministry of Economic Development offers further enhance the
responsibility of subjects for the implementation of measures to support SMEs and provide
subsidies, taking into account the impact of the development of small and medium-sized
businesses in the regions in the previous period (increase in the number of new enterprises, the
growth of employees, fixed capital investment, and so on. D.).
Many experts believe that a new impetus to the growth of small and medium-sized
enterprises under the circumstances, can give access to favorable loans. But the negative trends
in the credit market that do not contribute.
Analysts stress that commercial banks shifted to short-term loans, with among their
clients predominate company trade sector, taking loans for small amounts. Due to the limitation
of access to long-term lending suffer manufacturing plants, not being able to invest in
modernization. The trend is dangerous because it hinders the development of enterprises and
non-trade sector, respectively, impedes innovation. For comparison, in Sweden the share of long-
term loans for business reaches 86%. Russia is not just very far from this figure - it moves in the
direction of increasing the gap.
It is proposed to 2015 radically reorient the program to support small and medium-sized
businesses JSC "SME Bank" and more clearly identify priorities. First of all, long-term loans
will be provided to innovative SMEs, as well as among the priority areas of lending - leasing and
factoring non-trading enterprises and microfinance. In the first quarter of 2014 the total amount
of support for SMEs under the "SME Bank" has made more than 98 billion tenge, the weighted
average rate for the portfolio of loans to partner banks - 12.7%.
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Ministry of Economic Development is developing mechanisms for SME lending target
rate not exceeding 10% per annum, focused mainly on medium-sized businesses. To do this,
Vnesheconombank plans to raise the National Welfare Fund (NWF). Actually, this is the same
provision, due to which it is planned to reach 50 per cent growth in investment in fixed capital
medium-sized enterprises in 2014 - 2016.
The main difficulties in business arise not only because of the high interest rates, but also
because of the collateral of the loan. In this regard, the government has proposed the following
solution. In the Republic of Kazakhstan began to develop a mechanism of state guarantees in the
implementation of investment projects by SMEs: in the regions of the network is the guarantee
organizations, and literally created the Agency in May of loan guarantees, which is supposed to
provide loan guarantees to 880 billion tenge in the next five years. Similar schemes for small and
medium-sized businesses operating in the US, Japan, Europe.
At the same time, the rating agency, based on the views of top managers of banks,
predicts a decrease in demand for loans, particularly in the construction sector and in the
manufacturing sector, as well as the growth rates on loans, contrary to the expectations of the
business. In an unstable economic situation, the company does not want to modernize, to start
new, risky projects. As a consequence, reduced demand for credit.
By the way, the research agency showed that in the current economic conditions, the
bankers did not consider it necessary to further stimulate the credit market, and their hopes for
the state support measures. The most effective measure they consider reducing the tax burden for
businesses - an opinion 27% of respondents. Another 24% of respondents indicated that the
Agency loan guarantees in 2014 will be a serious stimulus for the development of SMEs, and
21% expect to increase the volume of the support of the "SME Bank".
And a couple of words about the mood of the business itself. Center market research
Higher School of Economics found the index of economic sentiment in the 1st quarter of 2014.
He was 97.1 points. This value is lower than the average long-term level (100) indicates the
predominance of unfavorable business climate in the country's economy.
"Despite the declarative part and not always predictable policy for small and medium-
sized businesses, the state recognizes that the development of this sector largely determines the
further development of Kazakhstan's economy. System of state support in the future is expected
to improve in the following areas: the creation of conditions for the development of SMEs new
niche markets, access to credit (mainly long-term loans), improving the system of special tax
regimes. Before government agencies is a difficult task, as in unstable economic conditions,
small and medium business needs most is to not install the new rules, which can only worsen
their position in the market.
"A tiny startup company invents somewhere in the garage of a unique device that
promises to revolutionize the world, to create a whole new sector of the economy and to
condemn the old to die - this idea of innovation seems firmly established in the Russian mass
consciousness. It is to support and encourage such innovation activities are focused in recent
years, many government policies in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Such an idea of innovation is not wrong, but it is unduly narrow. Of course, innovation -
a breakthrough "inventions", ie. E. A fundamentally new products. But innovation - it is also a
new technology, and even business processes. Yes, innovation can be global when the company
is doing something for the first time in the world. But the products, technologies and processes
can also be innovative within a particular market and even within a single company. In other
words, innovation - is not only the invention and introduction of a completely new, but also
borrowing and adaptation of the existing one. In the countries at the forefront of performance,
innovation is largely carried out in a small business, the catching-up economies, which include
the Republic of Kazakhstan, large companies are the main engine of productivity growth -
mainly just by borrowing and adapting advanced technologies and business processes.
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