a/ French b/ German c/ Danish d/ Scandinavian e/ Greek
24. Find the metaphor in the following word combinations:
a/ the White House b/ teeth of a saw c/ a thousand thanks d/ to give the word e/ to keep the promise
25. Find the polysemantic word in the following examples:
a/ to run (move with quick steps) a run (act of running) b/ night, knight
c/ loud voice, loud color d/ tear (n/ - tear (v) e/ lead (n) – lead (v)
26. What are the main characteristic features of the morphemes?
a/ They can not be used independently, they are always parts of the words
b/ They may be described as the basic units of language, uniting meaning and form
c/ They can be used as a complete utterance
d/ They fulfil different grammatical functions, and may take different functional affixes
e/ They can be used as independent elements with the definite meaning
27. Two or more words belonging to the same part of speech and possessing identical or hearly identical denotational meanings, but differing in form and shades of meaning, connotation, style etc.
a/ antonym b/ paronyms c/ synonyms d/ homonyms e/ polysemy
28. What type of motivation (of the word) does the following definition characterize?
It is based on the co-existence of direct and figurative meaning of the same word within the same synchronous system.
a/ Morphological b/ Phonetical c/ Grammatical d/ Semantic e/ syllabic
29. What variant of the English language does the word “raincoat” refer to?
a/ Australian b/ British c/ Scottish d/ Indian e/ American
30. Point out borrowed suffix:
a/ -ism b/ -ly c/ -ing d/ -dom e/ -ship
31. Find the example of specialization or the narrowing of the meaning.
a/ to find b/ town c/ paper d/ fire e/ meat
32. What stock do the following words belong to: son, star, hill, come:
a/ Indo-European stock b/ French stock c/ German stock d/ Latin stock e/ Greek words
33. Synonyms denotes ...
a/ morphemic types of words b/ semantic component c/ semantic similarit d/ )different sound forms e/ semantic contrast of words
34. Find the metonymy in the following word combinations:
a/ a burning wish b/ the mouth of a pot c/ a blooming rose d/ hope of the family e/ the evil eye
35. Name the basic characteristic feature of inflected words
a/ they serve to supply the stem with lexico-grammatical meaning and form different words
b/ they serve to convey different derivational words
c/ they are complete sets of all the various forms of a word
d/ they cease to be homonymous to stems and no derivation is possible.
e/ they are capable of further derivation
36. The process reverse to specialization is termed …
a/ the narrowing of meaning b/ differentiation of meaning c/ paradigm d/ generalization of meaning
e/ functional change
37. Find homonyms proper in the following pairs of words
a/ steel-steal b/ bark(n) – bark(v) c/ lead(v) – lead(n) d/ piece – peace e/ wind(n) – wind(v)
38. From the words given in brackets choose English counterpart of the following Russian synonyms: заседание, съезд
a/ meeting, assembly b/ gathering, convention c/ conference, sitting d/ company, congress e/ sitting, congress
39. Grammatically most important part of compounds which undergoes infection:
a/ determinant b/ determinatum c/ immidiate constituent d/ component of non-idiomatic compound
e/ counterpart of idiomatic compound
40. . Point out compound adjective:
a/ soul-stirring b/ week-end c/ brain-trust d/ hurry-scurry e/ go-between
Tests in “ Theoretical Phonetics of the English Language”
Variant A.
1. Name one of the aspects of speech sounds.
fundamental
comparative
functional
practical
E/ grammatical
2 . Find one of the components of the English phonetic structure.
Acoustic
accentual
syntactical
functional
E) grammatical
3 . How do we call the type of obstruction when the articulating organs are in close contact, the air passage is completely blocked.
intermitted
incomplete
C) complete
D) constrictive
E) occlusive
4. Modification of a consonant by a neigbouring consonant in the speech chain is called …
accommodation
reduction
assimilation
elision
palatalization
5 . Find the example of sound alternation.
horse shoe B) what s this C) less-loose D) sing-sang-sung E) does
6 . What are the two kinds of breathing?
power, vibrator
resonator, obstructor
inhalation, exhalation
duration, tembre
tune, tenseness
7 . A complete loss of sounds, both vowels and consonants is called…
accommodation B) elision C) reduction D) assimilation E) reduplication
8 . In what form can language exist?
in the material form of sounds
in the form of grammatical rules
in the form of sentences
in the form of syllables
in the form of morphemes
9 . What belongs to the power mechanism?
larynx B) the wind pipe C) the teeth D) the lips C) vocal cords
10 . Name one the functions of the phoneme?
constitutive B) constrictive C) phonetic D) occlusive E) morphemic
11. The joining of consonants of a similar or identical nature is called …
A) the on-glide B) interpenetration of stages C) the retention stage D) the off-glide E) assimilaition
12 . Melody, sentence-stress, rhythm, tempo, tembre, pause are…
A) the components oft intonation
the degrees of intonation
the types of intonation
the functions of intonation
the forms of intonation
13 . Name one of the degrees of assimilation.
regressive B) progressive C) double D) intermediate E) incomplete
14 .What do we understand by recognitive function of the phoneme?
This function is proved by the fact that speech sounds constitute all the morphemes, syllables, words etc.
One word or morpheme is differentiated from another word /or morpheme/ by a difference in their number of speech sounds
This function consists in the use of the right allophone in words
This function is known as replacing one speech sound by another in the same position
This function is known as probability of occurrence as phonemes and their allophones in different positions of words.
15 . Name one of the main type pronunciation in Great Britain.
Northern English pronunciation;
Standard American pronunciation;
Western English pronunciation;
Eastern English pronunciation;
16 . What does articulatory phonetics deal with ?
the functions of different phonetic phenomena;
the study, description and classification of speech sounds;
the physical nature of sounds;
the movements and positions of speech organs;
articulation and perception oft speech sounds.
17 . Name one of the types of obstruction.
regressive; B) progressive; C) intermittent; D) bicentral E/ unicentral
18 . What type of allophone is the most representative?
subsidiary allophones
positional allophones
combinatory allophones
typical allophones
universal allophones
19 . Consonants are classified as plosives and fricatives according to…
The work of vocal cords
The active organs of speech
Manner of noise production or type of obstruction
The horizontal position of The tongue
The stability of articulation
20 . Name out the syllable formation theories of English language
morphological
phonological
sonority
the theory of vowels
E) the theory of consonants
21. Find the case of historical vocal alternation of the English language.
live-life B) foot-feet C) important – importance D) loss-lose E/ bath – bathe
22 . Name one of the branches of phonetics
biological phonetics
fundamental phonetics
physical phonetics
articulation phonetics
accentual phonetics
23. What speech organs belong to the vibrator mechanism?
A) mouth cavity
the lungs
the lips
the teeth
the larynx
24 . The last stressd word in an intonation group is …
A) the pre-head B) the haed C) the scale D) the nucleus E) the tail
25 . What is palatalization?
A) work of vocal cords
B/ softness of vowels
C/ adaptation of sounds
D/ loss of sounds in speech
E/ softness of consonants
26 . What speech organs belong to the power mechanism?
A/ nasal cavity B/ the lungs C/ the lips D/ the teeth E/ the larynx
27. The last stressd word in an intonation group is …
A) the pre-head B) the haed C) the scale D) the nucleus E) the tail
28 . What is elision?
A) work of vocal cords
softness of vowels
adaptation of sounds
loss of sounds in speech
softness of consonants
29 . Find the case of loss of plosion.
this shop
could you
great trouble
true
sudden
30. Find the case of accommodation of sounds.
tee – too
wise – wisdom
sing – sang – sang
long – length
speak – speech
31 . Find fricative consonants of the English language.
t, d;
h, g;
f , v;
m , k;
r , n .
32 . Name one of the criteria of vowel classification.
according to the manner of noise production;
according to the work of vocal cords;
according to the lip position;
according to the place of obstruction;
according to the type of obstruction.
33 . Name one of the criteria of consonant classification.
A/ according to the stability of ariculation
B/ according to the vertical position of the tongue
C/ according to the lip position;
D/ according to the place of obstruction;
E/ according to the type of obstruction.
34. Find backlingual consonants of the English language
w , v; B) p , b; C) l , n; D) k , g; E) s , z .
35. Find front vowels of the English language:
A/ [a: ] , [ u ]
B/ [ei ] , [ ai ]
C/ [ i ] , [ u: ]
D/ [ ou ] , [ oi ]
E/ [ o: ] , [ au ]
36 . How many groups are speech mechanisms divided into?
A) 3 B) 2 C) 4 D) 5 E) 6
37 . Name one of the degrees of assimilation.
regressive B) progressive C) double D) partial E/ incomplete
38 . On what theory is phonology based?
morpheme theory
acoustic theory
phoneme theory
auditory theory
E) pronunciation theory
39 . What do four components /the system of phonemes, the syllabic structure of words, accentual structure of words and intonational structure of English sentences / of the phonetic system constitute?
the English phonology
the English morphology
the English orthography
the English pronunciation
the English syntax
40. Find the case of assimilation in the following examples:
booty-beaty B) less-loose C) congress D) mostly- [mousli] E/ tip-top
41 . The joining of two adjacent /neighboring/ sounds of a different nature is called…
A) the off-glide B) the on-glide C) merging of stages D) the retention stage E) reduction
Define the type of the syllable [si:] (see)
A) uncovered, open B) covered, closed C) covered, open D) uncovered, closed E) -
43 . What does acoustic phonetics study ?
the physical nature of sounds;
articulation and perception of sounds;
the functions of different phonetic phenomena;
the movements and positions of speech organs;
the description and classification oft speech sounds.
44 . The general tendencies or habits in the way native speakers use their speech organs both during speech and at rest may be defined as…
articulatory-aspect
articularary basis
phonological basic
physiological basic
phonological aspect
Define the type of the syllable [pit]: (pit)
covered, open B) uncovered, closed C) uncovered, open D) covered, closed E) -
46 . Name one of the syllable formation theories of the English language
muscular tension theory
morphological theory
phonological theory
the theory of vowels
the theory of consonants
47 . The three degrees oft word stress are suggested by…
A) American linguists
B) British physiologists
C) Baudouin de Courteney
D) German linguists
E) British and Russian linguists.
48. Name one of the aspects of word stress
recognitive aspect
dictinctive aspect
constitutive aspect
structural aspect
E) functional aspect
49 . Why are there typologically identical sounds in all existing language?
because almost all the languages have identical phonetic structure
People belonging to different races and nationalities possess identical speech apparatus
It is explained by Hie grammatical laws of the languages
Because all the languages have absolutely spectrally identical sounds
E/ Because speech sounds in any language are characterized by common articulatory acoustic features
50. Find the case of lateral plosion
tree
settle
this shop
glad to see you
E) at night
Variant B.
1. Who was the founder of phonology?
L.V. Shcherba
A.A. Reformatsky
I.A. Boudouin de Courtenay
N.S. Tonbetzkoy
V.V. Vinogradov
2. What do we understand by distinctive function of the phoneme?
This function is proved by the fact that speech sounds constitute all the morphemes, syllables, words etc
One word or morpheme is differenciated from another word /or morpheme/ by a difference in their number of speech sounds
This function consists in the use of the right allophone in words
This function is known as replacing one speech sound by another in the same position
It is proved by the fact that speech sounds can t constitute words, syllables…. etc.
3 . How many groups are speech mechanisms divided into?
A) 3 B) 2 C) 4 D) 5 E) 6
4 . Name one of the degrees of assimilation.
A) regressive B) progressive C) double D) partial E/ incomplete
5 . Find the right variant of syllable division:
les-n, re-act B) le-sn, reac-t C) les-n, re-act D) le-sn, re-act E) l-esn, rea-ct
6 . On what theory is phonology based?
A/ morpheme theory B/ acoustic theory C/ phoneme theory D/ auditory theory E) pronunciation theory
7 . Allophones are …
phonemes themselves B) morphemes C) non-distinctive sounds D) variants oft phonemes E) any sounds
8 . What do four components /the system of phonemes, the syllabic structure of words, accentual structure of words and intonational structure of English sentences / of the phonetic system constitute?
A/ the English phonology
B/ the English morphology
C/ the English orthography
D/ the English pronunciation
E/ the English syntax
9 . According to the active organs of speech the consonants may by classified...
A/ labial, lingual B) alveolar, voiced C) velar, voiceless D) palatal, fricative E) velar, voiced
10. Find the case of assimilation in the following examples:
booty-beaty B) less-loose C) congress D) mostly- [mousli] E/ tip top
11 . Find the right variant of syllable division.
ga: – dn, ful-i B) ga: d-n, f-uli C) ga: – dn, f-uli D) ga: d-n, ful-i E) ga: – dn, fu – li
12. The speech organs are constricted or narrowed leaving a passage for the air to go through. How do we call such type of obstruction?
complete B) intermittent C) incomplete D) complicated E) regressive
13 . The joining of two adjacent /neighboring/ sounds of a different nature is called…
A) the off-glide B) the on-glide C) merging of stages D) the retention stage E) reduction
14 . What is the pronunciation standard oft the USA ?
Southern English Pronunciation;
Standard English pronunciation;
General American pronunciation;
Northern British pronunciation;
Eastern American English pronunciation.
15 . What does acoustic phonetics study ?
A/ the physical nature of sounds;
B/ articulation and perception of sounds;
C/ the functions of different phonetic phenomena;
D/ the movements and positions of speech organs;
E/ the description and classification oft speech sounds.
16 . Which of the given speech organs belongs to the vibrator mechanism?
the larynx; B) the wind pipe; C) the teeth; D) the lips; E) vocal cords.
17 . The general tendencies or habits in the way native speakers use their speech organs both during speech and at rest may be defined as…
A/ articulatory-aspect
B/ articularary basis
C/ phonological basic
D/ physiological basic
E/ phonological aspect
18. Define the type of the following syllable [si]: (see)
A) uncovered, open B) covered, closed C) covered, open D) uncovered, closed E) -
19 . Define the type of the following syllable [pit]: (pit)
A/ covered, open B/ uncovered, closed C/ uncovered, open D/ covered, closed E) -
20. Name one of the syllable formation theories of the English language
A/ muscular tension theory B/ morphological theory C/ phonological theory D/ the theory of vowels
E/ the theory of consonants
21. Phonetics studies…
Words and their semantic structure
Words and their various aspects
Parts oft speech
Sounds, their various aspects and functions
E/ morphological structure oft words.
22 . The three degrees oft word stress are suggested by…
A) American linguists
B) British physiologists
C) Baudouin de Courteney
D) German linguists
E) British and Russian linguists.
ects of word stress
23 . Name one of the aspects of word stress
A/ recognitive aspect B/ dictinctive aspect C/ constitutive aspect D/ structural aspect E) functional aspect
24 . Why are there typologically identical sounds in all existing language?
A/ because almost all the languages have identical phonetic structure
B/ People belonging to different races and nationalities possess identical speech apparatus
C/ It is explained by Hie grammatical laws of the languages
D/ Because all the languages have absolutely spectrally identical sounds
Because speech sounds in any language are characterized by common articulatory acoustic features
25 . Name one of the stages of articulation of speech sounds.
complete B) incomplete C) merging of stages D) interpenetrating of stages E/ retention (medial stage)
26 . Find the case of lateral plosion
A/ tree B/ settle C/ this shop D/ glad to see you E/ at night
27 . It studies the way in which the air vibrates between the speaker’s mouth and the listener’s ear.
auditory phonetics
articulatory phonetics
instrumental phonetics
perceptional phonetics
acoustic phonetics.
28 . Name one of the principles of consonant classification.
according to the stability of articulation;
according to the horizontal movement of the tongue;
according to the vertical movement of the tongue;
according to the active organs of speech and place of obstruction;
according to the phonological oppositions.
29 . It studies the way in which the air is set in motion, the movements of the speech organs and the coordination of these movements in the production of sounds is called…
acoustic phonetics;
articulatory phonetics;
perceptional phonetics;
auditory phonetics;
instrumental phonetics.
30 .The branch of phonetics investigating the hearing process is known as …
auditory phonetics;
articulatory phonetics;
acoustic phonetics;
instrumental phonetics;
perceptional phonetics.
31 . Qualitative or quantitative weakening oft vowels in unstressed positions.
reduction;
elision ;
assimilation;
accomodation;
merging of stages.
32 . It studies the linguistic function of consonant and vowel sounds, syllabic structure, word accent is called...
articulatory phonetics;
acoustic phonetics;
phonology ;
auditory phonetics;
instrumental phonetics.
33 . Point out one of the main functions of intonation.
communicative;
syntactic;
recognitive;
constitutive;
distinctive.
34 .It studies the substance, the material form of phonetic phenomena in relation to meaning.
theoretical phonetics;
auditory phonetics;
articulatory phonetics;
practical or normative phonetics;
acoustic phonetics.
A Special prominance given to one more syllable in a word is…
A) the stress
B) the pause
C) the rythm
D) the melody
E/ the tempo.
36. Name mid-open vowels of the English Language?
A/ [I: ] , [ au]
B/ [ e ] , [ ei ]
C/ [ oi ], [ æ ]
D/ [ oi] , [ a : ]
E/ [ u: ] , [ i ]
37. Find one of the components of the English phonetic structure.
A/ acoustic
B/ accentual
C/ syntactical
D/ functional
E/ grammatical
38 . How do we call the type of obstruction when the articulating organs are in close contact, the air passage is completely blocked.
intermitted
incomplete
C) complete
D) constrictive
E) occlusive
39 . Modification of a consonant by a neibouring consonant in the speech chain is called …
A/ accommodation
B/ reduction
C/ assimilation
D/ elision
E/ palatalization
Find the examples of sound alternation
A/ horse shoe
B/ what s this
C) less-loose
D) sing-sang-sung
E) does she
41. What are the two kinds of breathing?
A/ power, vibrator
B/ resonator, obstructor
C/ inhalation, exhalation
D/ duration, tembre
E/ tune, tenseness
42 . A complete loss of sounds, both vowels and consonants is called…
A/ accommodation
B/ elision
C) reduction
D) assimilation
E) reduplication
43 . In what form can language exist?
A/ in the material form of sounds
B/ in the form of grammatical rules
C/ in the form of sentences
D/ in the form of syllables
E/ in the form of morphemes
44 . What belongs to the power mechanism?
A/ larynx
B/ the wind pipe
C/ the teeth
D/ the lips
E/ vocal cords
45 . Name one the functions of the phoneme?
A) constitutive
B) constrictive
C) phonetic
D) occlusive, morphemic
E) -
46 . The joining of consonants of a similar or identical nature is called …
A) the on-glide
B/ interpenetration of stages
C/ the retention stage
D/ the off-glide
E/ assimilaition
47 . Melody, sentence-stress, rhythm, tempo, tembre, pause are…
A) the components oft intonation
B/ the degrees of intonation
C/ the types of intonation
D/ the functions of intonation
E/ the forms of intonation
48. Name one of the degrees of assimilation.
A) regressive B) progressive C) double D) intermediate E) incomplete
49 . Name one of the main type pronunciation in Great Britain.
A/ Northern English pronunciation;
B/ Standard American pronunciation;
C/ Western English pronunciation;
D/ Eastern English pronunciation;
E/ Southern American English.
50 . What does articulatory phonetics deal with ?
A/ the functions of different phonetic phenomena;
B/ the study, description and classification of speech sounds;
C/ the physical nature of sounds;
D/ the movements and positions of speech organs;
E/ articulation and perception oft speech sounds.
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