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1. The competition program on physics «And, well, physicists!»
Before the beginning of the competitive program, the address of leaders forces
participants and fans to think about the training sense. During warming up teams are
asked
questions, and the rate of the questions and answers should be fast, making
children to think. Participants should find in poetic lines a physical phenomenon, to
explain sense of the events. Both texts of classic poets and modern writers are used.
In competition « Author!» pupils should define the author of the catch phrase, or the
formulation of the physical law. «
Tale of a lie, so it hints ...» is offered to children to
explain the events in a fairy tale fragment. Reading the fairy tale, one cannot see the
physical phenomena occurring in it, and studying physics, the fairy tale may become
a training moment.
Fans competition suggests remembering proverbs, songs, verses where
movement is mentioned. As homework children are offered to stage a play (5-10
minutes) with the episodes of physics lessons or as the teacher of physics can conduct
any other lesson (physical culture, literature, technology). It manifests the ability of
children
to dream, to create.
Competition of captains «To a barrier!» suggests to guess the riddles answers to
which are physical devices, cars, physical phenomena.
The «Black box» task hides the invention of the first half of the XX century,
widely used nowadays. Teams ask questions and receive only the answer "yes" or
"no". At the end of the competitive program or during pauses, it is possible to carry
out a number of interesting experiments, with an explanation of the seen facts.
The general result of competition is to see physics round us: in literature,
children's songs, proverbs, fairy tales and to understand that it is capable to explain
everything. The big role is played
by the leaders who set speed, accurately knowing
the scenario and the competitions, are able to communicate with audience and solve
disputed issues.
2. The program «From simple physical measurements to nature
knowledge»
1). Explanatory note
School course of physics is backbone for natural-science subjects as the physical
laws underlying the universe, are a basis of the maintenance of chemistry, biology,
geography and astronomy courses. Physics arms pupils with a scientific method of
the knowledge, allowing to get objective knowledge of the world around. The
program includes an additional material on physics, and
is addressed to the pupils
interested in physical experiences, designing, manufacturing of laboratory and
demonstration devices, supervision of physical natural phenomena, history of physics
and motivated on the level of the general culture increase.
Purpose of this course: creation of the conditions for the development of
creative thinking, abilities to independently apply and fill up the knowledge through
the solution of practical tasks.
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Achievement of the purposes is provided with the solution of the
following
tasks:
- to give a pupil the opportunity to realize interest to the chosen subject;
- to form ability to work in group; to discuss, to defend the point of view;
- to acquaint with the methods of measurement of physical sizes, to gain abilities
of practical use of measuring devices; processing and the analysis of results solving
experimental tasks;
- to provide guidance on methods of a physical pilot study as most important
part of methodology of physics and some other sciences, to develop interest to
research activity;
- to deepen and expand knowledge of the basic course of physics, to increase
interest to its studying.
The program of extracurricular activities «From simple physical measurements
to nature knowledge» is addressed to the pupils of 9 grades, designed for one-year
training one hour a week.
Passing the course is based on the repetition of the theoretical
training material,
as well as the use of additional material to expand the horizons of students.
Laboratory and demonstration experiment does not require special equipment, easy to
perform and is available to be explained.
The program does not create educational overloads for pupils as the material
was studied earlier and this course allows considering known objects at a better level
and paying attention to working off of skills of the experimenter.
Depth study of the material, the mathematical apparatus used in the exposition,
selection of tasks, the methodology of teaching the course is largely coincide with
those adopted in the main course. However, they differ in bigger differentiation of
training, specific features of pupils, their educational inquiries.
Structure of the training material creation.
The course highlights four logically related sections. During acquaintance to the
section «Physical sizes - the physics alphabet» on the example of the physical sizes
which are often met in daily practice (the length, weight, the area, temperature,
density, etc.), methods of direct measurement, the nature of the expression properties
of numbers are practiced. Ability of reading the result from a device scale taking into
account an error (a half of the price of division) is mastered;
idea of measurement as
parts of physical research of the nature is formed. Situations in which the process of
measurement demands ingenuity, sharpness, resourcefulness are considered.
When studying sections «
Motion in the nature, human life, equipment», «Hydro
- and aerodynamics», «Mechanical work, capacity, energy» pupils are offered to
carry out a number of quite finished researches. In essence it is a question of the
phenomenological description of the phenomena, establishing laws by means of joint
measurements. Carrying out the researches, pupils master skills of receiving and
processing the results (graphic, tabular representation), get idea of an error of
experiment. It is necessary to emphasize that the course sated with action, operating
with subjects (devices, adaptations), answers age features of the 14-15 years old
children, yet ready to "dig" in faultless logic constructions, but liking to operate,
dream, invent. In such course each child has an opportunity to show his abilities
