Forces always occur in pairs acting in opposite directions. For every action force, there is always an equal but opposite reaction force. If an object applies a force on a second object, then the second object will exert an equal but opposite force on the first object.
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This was first noticed by Sir Isaac Newton, he called these forces action and reaction forces. If a man pulls a rope tied to a wall, the rope also pulls the man with an equal but opposite force, this is because the rope reacts to the man’s action. The book lying on a table exerts a downward force, the table compensates for it by exerting an equal but opposite upward force (Figure 2.4). When a boy sits on a chair, his weight presses down, the chair balances the boy’s downward force by an equal upward force.
Figure 2.4. Action and reaction forces occur with equal magnitudes but in opposite directions.
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